AP Chemistry Equations Sheet - Unit Symbols - Conversions

Sep 2, 2026

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AP Chemistry equations sheet summarizing key relationships and constants used across multiple chemistry topics. Includes unit definitions and conversions (metric prefixes, gas laws, temperature relations), atomic structure formulas with Planck’s constant and Avogadro’s number, and core kinetic expressions for reaction rates. Also provides equilibrium constants and pH/pOH relations, thermodynamics/electrochemistry parameters, and supporting gas, solution, and stoichiometric variables to support quick problem-solving on exams.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryExam

FormatPDF

Pages4

Reading Time10 min

AccessFree to download

Unit Symbols

Unit Conversions

Metric Prefixes

Atomic Structure

Gases, Liquids, and Solutions

Kinetics

Equilibrium

Thermodynamics/Electrochemistry

| 57
La
138.91 | 58
Ce
140.12 | 59
Pr
140.91 | 60
Nd
144.24 | 61
Pm | 62
Sm
150.36 | 63
Eu
151.97 | 64
Gd
157.25 | 65
Tb
158.93 | 66
Dy
162.50 | 67
Ho
164.93 | 68
Er
167.26 | 69
Tm
168.93 | 70
Yb
173.05 | 71
Lu
174.97 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 89
Ac | 90
Th
232.04 | 91
Pa
231.04 | 92
U
238.03 | 93
Np | 94
Pu | 95
Am | 96
Cm | 97
Bk | 98
Cf | 99
Es | 100
Fm | 101
Md | 102
No | 103
Lr | | UNIT SYMBOLS | | --- | | gram, g | | mole, mol | | liter, L | | meter, m | | second, s | | hertz, Hz | | atmosphere, atm | | millimeter of mercury, mm Hg | | degree Celsius, °C | | kelvin, K | | joule, J | | volt, V | | coulomb, C | | ampere, A | | UNIT CONVERSIONS | | --- | | 1 hertz = 1 s−1 | | 1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr | | K = °C + 273.15 | | 1 volt = 1 joule
1 coulomb | | 1 ampere = 11couseoom~~b~~n~~d~~ | | METRIC PREFIXES | | | | --- | --- | --- | | Factor | Prefix | Symbol | | 109 | giga | G | | 106 | mega | M | | 103 | kilo | k | | 10−2 | centi | c | | 10−3 | milli | m | | 10−6 | micro | μ | | 10−9 | nano | n | | 10−12 | pico | p | | ATOMIC STRUCTURE
E = hc = | | E = energy
= frequency = wavelength F = force q = charger = separation
Planck's constant, h = 6.626 × 10−34 J s Speed of light, c = 2.998 × 108 m s−1
Avogadro's number = 6.022 × 1023 mol−1 | | --- | --- | --- | | Fcoulombic | q1q2 2
r | | | GASES, LIQUIDS, AND SOLUTIONS
P1V1 P2 V2
=
T1 T2
PV = nRT
PA = Ptotal × XA , where XA = tmotoa~~ll~~esmoA~~le~~s Ptotal = PA + PB + PC + ...
n = m
M
D = m
V
1 2
KE = ~~ ~~ mv
2
n
M = solute
L
solution
A = bc | | P = pressure
V = volume
T = temperature n = number of moles X = mole fraction
m = mass
M = molar mass D = density
KE = kinetic energy v = velocity
M = molarity
A = absorbance
= molar absorptivity b = path length
c = concentration Gas constant, R = 8.314 J mol−1 K−1
= 0.08206 L atm mol−1 K−1 STP = 273.15 K and 1.0 atm
Ideal gas at STP = 22.4 L mol−1 | | KINETICS
[A]t − [A]0 = −kt ln[A]t − ln[A]0 = −kt
1 − 1 = kt [A]t [A]0
t 1 = 0.693
2 k
| | |
k = rate constant t = time
t 1 = half-life 2 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | EQUILIBRIUM
Kc = [[CA]]ca[[DB]]db~~ ~~ , where a A + b B 􀁔 c C + d DK = (PC )c (PD )d
p (PA )a (PB )b
Kw = [H 3O+ ][OH − ] = 1.0 × 10−14 at 25°CpKw = 14 = pH + pOH at 25°C
pH = − log[H 3O+ ], pOH = − log[OH − ] Ka = [H~~ ~~3A][]A~~ ~~−~~ ~~], Kb = [OH~~ ~~−[B][]HB+~~ ~~] pKa = − log Ka , pKb = − log Kb
Kw = Ka × Kb , pKw = pKa + pKb
pH = pKa + log ~~ ~~[[A−HA]] | | | Equilibrium Constants
Kc (molar concentrations) Kp (gas pressures)
Kw (water)
Ka (acid)
Kb (base) | | THERMODYNAMICS/ELECTROCHEMISTRY | | | q = heat
m = mass
c = specific heat capacity
T = temperature S° = standard entropy H° = standard enthalpy
G° = standard Gibbs free energy R = gas constant
K = equilibrium constant
n = number of moles of electrons E° = standard potential
I = current (amperes)
q = charge (coulombs) t = time (seconds)
Q = reaction quotient Faraday's constant, F = 96, 485 coulombs / 1 mol e − | | q
H 􀁆
reaction
S 􀁆
reaction
G 􀁆
reaction
G | | mcT
H 􀁆 ~~ ~~ H 􀁆
f product f reactant
S 􀁆 − S 􀁆
product reactant
G 􀁆 ~~ ~~ G 􀁆
f product f reactant
H ° − TS
| | | = −RTlnK
= −nFE °
I = qt
Ecell = E􀁆cell − RTnF~~ ~~ ln Q | | | |

FAQs

What unit and conversion formulas are included in the AP Chemistry equations sheet?

The sheet lists common units (g, mol, L, m, s, atm, °C, K, J, V, C, A) and conversion relations such as hertz to seconds and temperature conversion K = °C + 273.15, plus metric prefix factors.

Which atomic structure and constants equations are provided?

It includes E = hc and the associated relations using Planck’s constant and the speed of light, along with Avogadro’s number for molar calculations.

What equilibrium and pH/pOH relationships are covered?

The sheet provides equilibrium constant expressions (Kc, Kp, Kw, Ka, Kb) and links pH and pOH through logarithmic forms, including pKa and pKb relationships.

Sep 2, 2026

Upload by Mia