ACI 307-98 - Design and Construction of Reinforced Concrete Chimneys - reported by ACI Committee 307

Oct 23, 2026

ACI 307-98 provides material, construction, and design requirements for cast-in-place and precast reinforced concrete chimneys. It defines minimum loadings for design and gives methods to determine required concrete and reinforcement resulting from these loadings, primarily for circular shells with a general procedure for noncircular shapes. The standard includes equations for the temperature gradient caused by gas temperature versus ambient atmosphere, and methods combining dead and wind (or earthquake) loads with vertically and circumferentially varying temperature effects. It aligns construction and references with ACI 318 and ACI 104 notation conventions.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages18

Reading Time45 min

AccessFree to download

Chapter 1—General

1.1—Scope

1.2—Drawings

1.3—Regulations

1.4—Reference standards

Chapter 2—Materials

2.1—General

2.2—Cement

2.3—Aggregates

2.4—Reinforcement

Chapter 3—Construction requirements

3.1—General

3.2—Concrete quality

3.3—Strength tests

3.4—Forms

3.5—Reinforcement placement

3.6—Concrete placement

3.7—Concrete curing

3.8—Construction tolerances

3.9—Precast erection

Chapter 4—Service loads and general design criteria

4.1—General

4.2—Wind loads

4.3—Earthquake loads

4.4—Special design considerations and requirements

4.5—Deflection criteria

Chapter 5—Design of chimney shells: Strength method

5.1—General

5.2—Design loads

5.3—Required strength

5.4—Design strength

5.5—Nominal moment strength: Circular shells

5.6—Noncircular shapes

5.7—Design for circumferential bending

Chapter 6—Thermal stresses

6.1—General

6.2—Vertical temperature stresses

6.3—Circumferential temperature stresses

Appendix A—Notation

ACI 307-98 Design and Construction of Reinforced Concrete Chimneys (ACI 307-98) Reported by ACI Committee 307 David J. Bird Chairman Victor A. Bochicchio John J. Carty Shu-Jin Fang Milton Hartstein Thomas Joseph Jagadish R. Joshi Robert A. Porthouse Ronald E. Purkey Scott D. Richart Wadi S. Rumman Randolph W. Snook John C. Sowizal Barry J. Vickery Edward L. Yordy This standard gives material, construction, and design requirements for cast-in-place and precast reinforced concrete chimneys. It sets forth minimum loadings for design and contains methods for determining the concrete and reinforcement required as a result of these loadings. The method of analysis applies primarily to circular chimney shells; however, a general procedure for analysis of noncircular shapes is included. This standard is written in explicit, mandatory language, and as such, is intended for reference in project specifications. Equations are provided for determining the temperature gradient through the concrete resulting from the difference in temperature of the gases inside the chimney and the surrounding atmosphere. Methods for combining the effects of dead and wind (or earthquake) loads with temperature both vertically and circumferentially are included in the standard. These methods permit the designer to establish minimum concrete and reinforcement requirements. This standard refers extensively to “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete”(ACI 318); construction requirements are generally in accordance with ACI 318; and notation is in accordance with ACI 104. Keywords: chimneys; compressive strength; concrete construction; earthquake-resistant structures; formwork (construction); foundations; high temperature; linings; loads (forces); moments; openings; precast concrete; quality control; reinforced concrete; reinforcing steels; specifications; static loads; strength; structural analysis; structural design; temperature; thermal gradient; wind pressure. CONTENTS Chapter 1—General, p. 307-2 1.1—Scope 1.2—Drawings 1.3—Regulations 1.4—Reference standards Chapter 2—Materials , p. 307-2 2.1—General 2.2—Cement 2.3—Aggregates 2.4—Reinforcement Chapter 3—Construction requirements , p. 307-2 3.1—General 3.2—Concrete quality 3.3—Strength tests 3.4—Forms 3.5—Reinforcement placement 3.6—Concrete placement 3.7—Concrete curing 3. 8—Construction tolerances 3.9—Precast erection Chapter 4—Service loads and general design criteria , p. 307-3 4.1—General 4.2—Wind loads 4.3—Earthquake loads 4.4—Special design considerations and requirements 4.5—Deflection criteria Chapter 5—Design of chimney shells: Strength method, p. 307-9 5.1—General 5.2—Design loads 5.3—Required strength 5.4—Design strength 5.5—Nominal moment strength: Circular shells 5.6—Noncircular shapes 5.7—Design for circumferential bending Chapter 6—Thermal stresses, p. 307-13 6.1—General 6.2—Vertical temperature stresses 6.3—Circumferential temperature stresses Appendix A—Notation, p. 307-15 ACI 307-98 became effective November 1, 1998, and supersedes ACI 307-95. Copyright © 1998, American Concrete Institute. All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by any electronic or mechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduction or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors. 307-2 ACI STANDARD CHAPTER 1—GENERAL 1.1—Scope This standard covers the design and construction ofcircular cast-in-place or precast reinforced concrete chimney shells. If other shapes are used, their design shall be substantiated in accordance with the principles used here. The standard does not include the design of linings, but includes the effects of linings on the concrete shell. A prec

FAQs

What scope does ACI 307-98 cover for chimney design and construction?

It covers design and construction of circular cast-in-place or precast reinforced concrete chimney shells. If other shapes are used, their design must be substantiated using the same principles, and lining design is excluded while lining effects on the concrete shell are included.

How does the standard handle precast reinforced concrete chimney shells?

A precast chimney shell is defined as a shell made from precast reinforced concrete sections assembled vertically as a self-supporting cantilever. Vertical reinforcement and grout are placed in cores during erection to provide continuity and stability, and stay-in-place precast panels are treated as cast-in-place construction.

What load and temperature effects are included in the analysis methods?

The standard includes minimum loadings and provides methods for determining required concrete and reinforcement. It includes equations for temperature gradients through the concrete and methods for combining dead loads with wind (or earthquake) loads together with temperature effects both vertically and circumferentially.

Oct 23, 2026

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