A Rate-Splitting Multiple Access Enabled Cooperative ISAC Tracking System for Complex V2I Scenarios

Oct 17, 2026

Uploaded by Jacob

This paper studies a cooperative integrated sensing and communication (Co-ISAC) tracking system for complex vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) scenarios in B5G/6G networks. It addresses the unclear mechanism of multi-base-station (multi-BS) cooperative ISAC tracking and the dynamic interference challenges caused by moving vehicle users (VUs). The design employs an IMM-UKF workflow with weighted least squares (WLS), and develops single-carrier and multiple-carrier RSMA joint transmission strategies with graph-based grouping and inter-group power allocation, yielding improved tracking performance.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages17

Reading Time43 min

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Introduction

Background and Motivation for ISAC in V2X

Prior Work on ISAC-Based Target Tracking

A Rate-Splitting Multiple Access Enabled Cooperative ISAC Tracking System for Complex V2I Scenarios Ziheng Xu , Student Member, IEEE, Shaoyi Xu, Member, IEEE, Hanxue Ding, Student Member, IEEE, and Bo Ai , Fellow, IEEE Abstract—As a promising technology in the B5G and 6 G era, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) can simultaneously support high-quality sensing and communication, and there is a growing consensus to introduce this technology into vehicle-toeverything (V2X) networks. Meanwhile, deploying cloud radio access networks (C-RANs) enables cooperation among multiple base stations (BSs), further bringing about cooperative gains. However, the mechanism ofISAC-based multi-BS cooperative tracking is still unclear, and the moving VUs also pose signiﬁcant challenges for multi-BS cooperative dynamic interference management. Driven by the above issues, this paper investigates a cooperative ISAC (Co-ISAC) tracking system that supports rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) transmission strategies for complex vehicle-toinfrastructure (V2I) scenarios. First, we consider VUs with complex trajectories and design the system workﬂow based on the interacting multiple model unscented Kalman ﬁlter (IMM-UKF) framework and the theory of weighted least squares (WLS). Next, we investigate multi-BS joint transmission strategies based on single-carrier RSMA (SC-RSMA) and multiple-carrier RSMA (MC-RSMA). The latter is designed for more challenging wireless environments with a small number of antennas and adds to the former a grouping method based on graph theory and an inter-group power allocation method based on predicted state vectors suitable for dynamic scenarios. Finally, numerical results demonstrate that theRSMA-enabled Co-ISAC tracking system performs better than other baseline schemes in complex V2I scenarios. Index Terms—Cooperative integrated sensing and communication, rate-splitting multiple access, Kalman ﬁlter, vehicle-toinfrastructure. Received 14 April 2025; revised 29 July 2025; accepted 2 September 2025 . Date of publication 8 September 2025; date of current version 6 March 2026 . This work was supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program under Grant 2022YFB3303702, in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62571026, Grant 62221001, and Grant 62341127, in part by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant L242082, and in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant 2022JBQY004 . The review of this article was coordinated by Dr. Lan Zhang. (Corresponding author: Shaoyi Xu.) Ziheng Xu, Shaoyi Xu, and Hanxue Ding are with the School ofElectronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing100044, China(e[mail: zihengxxu@bjtu.edu.cn](mail: zihengxxu@bjtu.edu.cn); [shyxu@bjtu.edu.cn](shyxu@bjtu.edu.cn); [hanxue_ding@bjtu.edu.cn](hanxue_ding@bjtu.edu.cn)). Bo Ai is with the State Key Laboratory of Rail Trafﬁc Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China, and also with the Peng Cheng Laboratory and Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Networking and Data Analysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, China ([e-mail: boai@bjtu.edu.cn](e-mail: boai@bjtu.edu.cn)). Digital Object Identiﬁer 10.1109/TVT.2025.3607006 I. INTRODUCTION VEHICLE-TO-EVERYTHING (V2X), as a pivotal tech nology including automotive, electronics, and communications, is accelerating the deep integration of autonomous driving, intelligent transportation, smart cities, and other industries. It plays a crucial role in the future evolution of high-level vehicle-road-cloud integration [1] . Especially with the continuous development of 5G-Advanced (5G-A) and 6 G, CellularV2X (C-V2X), serving as the intelligent roadside networking infrastructure, is increasingly demonstrating its advantages in swiftly processing information and interacting with vehicle users (VUs) [2] . However,

FAQs

What problem does the paper address in multi-BS cooperative ISAC tracking?

It targets the unclear mechanism of multi-BS cooperative ISAC tracking and the significant dynamic interference management challenges introduced by moving vehicle users.

What framework and estimation theory are used for the system workflow?

The workflow is built on the interacting multiple model unscented Kalman filter (IMM-UKF) framework and uses the theory of weighted least squares (WLS).

How do the proposed transmission strategies extend RSMA for complex V2I scenarios?

It investigates single-carrier RSMA and multiple-carrier RSMA, where MC-RSMA adds graph-theoretic grouping and predicted-state-vector-based inter-group power allocation for more challenging environments with few antennas.

Oct 17, 2026

Uploaded by Jacob