A Hybrid IFRS–GRI Measurement Model for Assessing Public-Sector Sustainability Reporting in Asian Governments

Jul 15, 2026

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Develops a hybrid measurement framework integrating IFRS S1/S2 financial materiality with GRI Standards impact materiality to assess governments’ sustainability report consistency and depth. A phased qualitative approach produces the Public Sector Sustainability Disclosure Index (PSSDI) with four pillars and 32 sub-indicators. Results across Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong reveal different maturity levels and disclosure quality, informing regional harmonization and identification of barriers to cross-country comparability.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

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Pages17

Reading Time43 min

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Research Article A Hybrid IFRS–GRI Measurement Model for Assessing Public-Sector Sustainability Reporting in Asian Governments Dian Anita Nuswantara1*, Lintang Venusita2, Ika Permatasari3, Hariyati4, Rida Perwita Sari5 1,2,3,4 Universitas Negeri Surabaya 5 Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran"Jawa Timur * Corresponding author: Dian Anita Nuswantara; [diananita@unesa.ac.id](diananita@unesa.ac.id) ABSTRACT This study develops a hybrid measurement framework to assess the consistency and depth of sustainability reports published by governments in four Asian countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong. Although global reporting standards are increasingly developing, reporting practices in the region remain diverse, the indicators used are not yet uniform, and no evaluation tools are available that can reliably produce cross-country comparisons. To bridge this gap, this study integrates IFRS S1 and S2 with GRI Standards to develop the Public Sector Sustainability Disclosure Index (PSSDI) . Using a phased qualitative design, this study developed an index comprising four pillars and 32 sub-indicators. The findings show significant differences in maturity levels, institutional capacity, and the quality of information disclosed. Singapore and Hong Kong are at the most advanced level, Malaysia is at an intermediate stage, while Indonesia is still in the early phase. These results provide an empirical basis for promoting harmonization of reporting at the regional level and identifying institutional and technical barriers that hinder cross-country comparability. The study offers an analytical model for governments to strengthen national reporting systems, improve transparency, and support more targeted policy decisions on climate issues. Keywords: Sustainability Reporting; IFRS S1 & S2; GRI Index; Public Sector; Asia 1. Introduction This study aims to develop a hybrid measurement model to assess the compliance and comprehensiveness of public-sector sustainability reporting by integrating financial materiality derived from IFRS S1/S2 standards and impact materiality embedded in the GRI Standards [1] . The proposed model is piloted across four Asian jurisdictions, such as Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia, and Indonesia, to explore variations in the maturity of sustainability reporting practices within public-sector institutions. The urgency of this study stems from the absence of an assessment framework capable of capturing the dual accountability inherent in public governance, in which governments are responsible not only for financial stewardship but also for socio-environmental outcomes. This gap complicates efforts to assess alignment among sustainability reporting, policy mandates, and stakeholder expectations, particularly amid escalating ecological pressures that demand transparency and evidence-based public decision-making. Consequently, ARTICLE INFO Received: 08 December 2025 | Accepted: 26 January 2026 | Availab

Jul 15, 2026

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