Question 1

What two ethics management approaches does the article compare?

Accepted Answer

The article compares compliance-based ethics and integrity-based ethics, often described as the “low road” and “high road.”

Question 2

How was evidence collected for the empirical analysis?

Accepted Answer

Data were collected through a national survey of 764 International City/County Management Association (ICMA) Chief Administrative Officers about ethics management practices in their local governments.

Question 3

What do the statistical analyses conclude about the relationship between the two approaches?

Accepted Answer

Structural equation modeling indicates both approaches are used in practice, while confirmatory factor analysis shows they are separate and distinct yet highly correlated, implying both are necessary to understand ethics management properly.