3D Registration of Apartment Rights using BIM/IFC - Comparing the cases of the Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey

Oct 29, 2026

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3D Registration of Apartment Rights using BIM/IFC compares legal and modeling foundations for condominium rights across the Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey. The work motivates 3D land administration by addressing complexity in built environments and limitations of 2D depictions, then develops approaches that reuse BIM/IFC models to represent both legal spaces and physical building elements alongside attached RRRs. Legal bases and country-specific LADM profiles are mapped, highlighting how cadastral systems and boundary definitions differ between countries.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages18

Reading Time45 min

AccessFree to download

Introduction & Motivation

Legal Basis of the Countries

The Netherlands

Saudi Arabia

Turkey

LADM-Based Country Profiles and Related Developments

The Netherlands

Saudi Arabia

Turkey

Comparison of Legal Aspects Across Countries

3D Registration of Apartment Rights using BIM/IFC: Comparing the cases of the Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey Dogus GULER, Türkiye, Abdullah ALATTAS, Saudi Arabia, Marjan BROEKHUIZEN, The Netherlands, Eftychia KALOGIANNI, The Netherlands, Abdullah KARA, The Netherlands, Peter VAN OOSTEROM, The Netherlands Introduction & Motivation • Increased complexity of the built environment (complex and high-rise buildings) • Improving the LASs to meet the needs (3D Cadastre 3D Land Administration) • The need for 3D delineations due to insufficiency of 2D representations • Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Owner Operator (AECOO) sector • Growing interest in Building Information Modeling (BIM) (designing buildings digitally, detailedly, and collaboratively) (The Netherlands, Sweden, Australia, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey) • Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) & Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) Introduction & Motivation • To reveal whether a basis for the modeling approach can be provided for the 3D depiction of condominium rights using BIM/IFC models of the apartments • To unveil how a modeling approach based on the use of BIM/IFC models for the 3D representation of both legal spaces and physical building elements, as well as the attached RRRs on the buildings can be developed • The consensus about the conceptual basis for 3D modeling of condominium rights by benefiting from the reuse of BIM/IFC models • To create awareness in the land administration-related sectors (including AECOO and spatial planning) about 3D legal spaces and the attached RRRs on the buildings Legal Basis of the Countries (The Netherlands) • Apartment rights is described in the Dutch Civil Code • A share in an asset that gives the exclusive right to use certain parts of the building asa separate private unit • Established with a notarial deed • Consists of a written part in which a written description of the parts of a building on which the apartment right is formed • Refer to a drawing that is attached to the deed • 2D drawing with a graphical representation of the boundaries Legal Basis of the Countries (Saudi Arabia) • Deed registration document differs according to the property type • Submitting a request to the Ministry of Housing, technical check using information from the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs, sending request to the Ministry of Housing, notifying the Ministry of Justice to issue a new deed registration document • Specific conditions must be presented on the property in order to apply the subdivision processes • Private spaces (belong to a specific unit), exclusive common spaces (exclusively available to a limited number of units), and common spaces (the shaft, roof, elevator, stairwell, setbacks, parking) Legal Basis of the Countries (Turkey) • The main legislative document that defines the RRRs with respect to condominiums (Condominium Law No.634 (1965)) • Independent ownership rights can be established by the owner or joint owners on the different units such as storey, apartment, office, store, cellar, and storage • A condominium owner can have the right to use the condominium itself and spaces that are outside of the condominium as well • Annexes (coal cellar, water tank, garage, electric meter box, or toilet) • Shared facilities and spaces (Main walls, beams, columns, curtain walls, floors, ceilings, patios) LADM-Based Country Profiles and Related Developments (The Netherlands) • Annex D of ISO 19152:2012 LADM • Dutch LADM-based country profile focusing only on the ‘Survey and Representation’sub-package, named the Netherlands Survey and Representation Data Model (NLSRDM) • ISO 19152 LADM Valuation Information Model for the Netherlands • ‘Cadastral Map Next’ program, a new data model that have connected points to describe the geometry and connect the measurement data to the map data • Using the BIM/IFC models as a data source for the 3D registratio

FAQs

Why is 3D depiction needed for condominium/apartment rights in this study?

The study motivates 3D delineations because 2D representations are insufficient, especially as the built environment becomes more complex with complex and high-rise buildings.

What modeling approach does the document aim to enable using BIM/IFC?

It aims to create a modeling approach that uses BIM/IFC models to represent both legal spaces and physical building elements, as well as attached RRRs on the buildings.

How do the three countries differ in their legal/cadastral foundations for condominium rights?

All three rely on a cadastral system based on 2D depiction, but ownership descriptions differ: the Netherlands and Turkey are similar, while Saudi Arabia adds exclusive common ownership for certain shared elements and treats boundaries differently.

Oct 29, 2026

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