2025 Keystone Technical Report - Algebra I, Biology, and Literature

Aug 30, 2026

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2025 Keystone Technical Report details the design and development of Keystone Exams across Algebra I, Biology, and Literature. It outlines assessment history in Pennsylvania, test blueprint and eligible content, and online testing considerations. The report describes item and test development processes, universally designed procedures, embedded field testing with classical item analysis, and operational forms construction for 2025. It further covers administration procedures, materials handling, processing and scoring workflows, and data source descriptions.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages451

Reading Time18 h 57 min

AccessFree to download

Preface: An Overview of the Assessments

The Keystone Exams from 2008 to Present

Assessment Activities Occurring from 2010 to Present

Chapter One: Background of the Keystone Exams

Assessment History in Pennsylvania

The Keystone Exams

Chapter Two: Test Development Overview of the Keystone Exams

Keystone Blueprint/Assessment Anchors and Eligible Content

High-Level Test Design Considerations

Online Testing Design Considerations

Algebra I

Biology

Literature

Literature Passages

Chapter Three: Item and Test Development Processes

General Keystone Test Development Processes

General Test Definition

Item Development Considerations

Item and Test Development Cycle

Chapter Four: Universal Design Procedures Applied to the Keystone Exams Test Development Process

Universal Design

Elements of Universally Designed Assessments

Guidelines for Universally Designed Items

Assessment Accommodations

Chapter Five: Embedded Field Test

Field Test Overview

Classical Item Analysis

Criteria for Identifying Items

Review of Items with Data

Chapter Six: Operational Forms Construction for 2025 Administrations

Final Selection of Items and Keystone Forms Construction

Special Forms Used with the Operational 2024 Keystone Exams

Chapter Seven: Test Administration Procedures

Sections and Sessions

Timing

Layout

Chapter Eight: Processing and Scoring

Receipt of Materials

Scanning of Materials

Online Testing

Scoring Multiple-Choice Items

Handscoring Process

Chapter Nine: Description of Data Sources

Student Filtering Criteria

Key Verification Data

Pennsylvania Keystone Exams 2025 Keystone Technical Report: Algebra I, Biology, and Literature Provided by Data Recognition Corporation This document has been formatted to be ADA compliant. Preface: An Overview of the Assessments ......................................................7 The Keystone Exams from 2008 to Present ...................................................7 Assessment Activities Occurring from 2010 to Present ..........................................7 Chapter One: Background of the Keystone Exams .............................................. 17 Assessment History in Pennsylvania .......................................................17 The Keystone Exams ...................................................................17 Chapter Two: Test Development Overview of the Keystone Exams .................................21 Keystone Blueprint/Assessment Anchors and Eligible Content ...................................21 High-Level Test Design Considerations .....................................................23 Online Testing Design Considerations ......................................................23 Algebra I .............................................................................24 Biology ..............................................................................26 Literature .............................................................................27 Literature Passages ....................................................................28 Chapter Three: Item and Test Development Processes ..........................................30 General Keystone Test Development Processes ..............................................30 General Test Definition ..................................................................30 Algebra I Test Definitions ................................................................31 Biology Test Definitions .................................................................32 Literature Test Definitions ................................................................34 Item Development Considerations .........................................................36 Item and Test Development Cycle .........................................................38 General Item and Test Development Process ................................................41 Chapter Four: Universal Design Procedures Applied to the Keystone Exams Test Development Process ..45 Universal Design .......................................................................45 Elements of Universally Designed Assessments ..............................................45 Guidelines for Universally Designed Items ...................................................46 Item Development...................................................................... 47 Item Format ..........................................................................48 Assessment Accommodations ............................................................49 Chapter Five: Embedded Field Test ...........................................................50 Field Test Overview .....................................................................50 Classical Item Analysis ..................................................................50 Criteria for Identifying Items ..............................................................53 Review of Items with Data ...............................................................58 2025 Keystone Technical Report: Algebra 1, Biology, and Literature — Table of Contents 2 Chapter Six: Operational Forms Construction for 2025 Administrations ............................59 Final Selection of Items and Keystone Forms Construction .....................................59 Special Forms Used with the Operational 2024 Keystone Exams .................................60 Chapter Seven: Test Administration Procedures ..................

FAQs

What subjects are covered in the 2025 Keystone Technical Report?

The report covers Keystone Exams for Algebra I, Biology, and Literature, including literature passages.

How does the report describe universal design in the assessment development process?

It details universally designed assessment elements, guidelines for universally designed items, item format considerations, and assessment accommodations.

What stages of testing operations are included beyond item development?

It includes embedded field testing, operational forms construction for 2025 administrations, test administration procedures, and processing and scoring workflows.

Aug 30, 2026

Upload by Putri