[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-174592-105":53,"doc-detail-174592-en":126},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":119,"head_meta":121,"extra_data":123,"updated_unix":125},105,"en","writing-qualitative-reports-coreq","Writing Qualitative Reports - COREQ","","Guidance explains how to write qualitative research reports in academic settings, emphasizing that the introduction and literature review differ fundamentally from quantitative approaches. It details typical construction order—method, results, introduction, discussion, abstract, and title—and clarifies how qualitative methodology often involves longer method sections with theoretical justification. It also presents reporting expectations anchored in COREQ, the consolidated criteria for interviews and focus groups, and outlines ways to present findings clearly through tables, figures, and engaging devices.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/writing-qualitative-reports-coreq/174592/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/writing-qualitative-reports-coreq/174592.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Cipher","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","2026-09-23","2026-09-02",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":47},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"Why do qualitative introductions and literature reviews differ from quantitative ones?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"Qualitative research typically does not propose hypotheses, so the literature review is not written to justify hypotheses. In many qualitative approaches, researchers also avoid comprehensive pre-reading to prevent bias and may explore phenomena with limited prior research.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the recommended order for constructing sections in qualitative reports?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"Writers often construct method, results, introduction, discussion, abstract, and title in that order. The document further notes that methods and results are usually easier to draft, and later insights can strengthen the introduction and discussion.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What does COREQ require for reporting qualitative studies?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"COREQ, the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies, provides 32 principles, with particular relevance for interviews and focus groups. The document advises becoming familiar with the checklist even though many criteria are already addressed in earlier sections.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},174592,1788314860,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":47,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":25,"language":135,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":136,"faqs":137,"seo_title":138,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":125,"read_time":47},687208528416,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","WRITING QUALITATIVE REPORTS--COREQ\nby Simon Moss\nIntroduction\nAt schools and universities, students often learn how to write scientific reports.  Fewer students, however, learn how to write reports that present qualitative research (for a helpful document, see Levitt et al., 2018)   To learn how to write these reports, you should\nscrutinize and emulate other papers, preferably in your discipline, that have applied the same theoretical perspective and methodology\nread this document—a document that outlines some of the information that writers should include in these reports.\nIn practice, writers often construct the method, results, introduction, discussion, abstract, and title in this order.  When they write the methods and results, writers do not have to reach too many choices: These sections are thus easier to write.  After they write these sections, the insights that writers accrue over time can enhance their capacity to write the introduction and discussion.  Nevertheless, in this document, we will discuss each section in the order they appear in a report.\nTitle, abstract, and introduction\nFor several reasons, the main purpose of the introducton and literature review differs between quantitative and qualitative research.  For example, in contrast to quantitative research, when conducting qualitative research\nresearchers almost never propose hypotheses; the literature review, therefore, is not written to justify hypotheses\nfor some approaches, researchers do not read the literature comprehensively before conducting the study, because they do not want the literature to bias their interpretations\nresearchers are often exploring a phenomenon that has seldom been subjected to research before\nConsequently, the introducton and literature review in quantitative and qualitative reports differ fundamentally from one another.  The following table presents some of the information that writers should include while constructing a qualitative report.\nMethod\nThe method tends to be longer in qualitative studies than quantitative studies.  Specifically, besides outlining the actual procedures, qualitative researchers often write quite a few paragraphs that delineate and justify the theoretical perspective, the methodology, and the procedures that applied to enhance the integrity of their conclusions.\n(*) indicates the item is mandatory, according to COREQ, the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies.\nResults and Discussion\nTo construct the results and to a lesser extent, the discussion, writers can be creative. They can uncover creative tables, figures, and other devices to present their findings as concisely, precisely, and engagingly as possible.  Yet, they should also follow some common guidelines, as presented in the following table.\nControversies and variations\nHow you write a qualitative report partly depends on the theoretical perspective, methodology, discipline, journal, and other considerations.  The following table outlines some features of reports that vary across authors and need to be considered carefully.\n\u000f\nCOREQ: The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies\nTong, Sainsbury, and Craig (2007) developed a checklist, called COREQ that stipulates 32 principles that qualitative researchers should observe as they construct their report.  This set of standards is especially pertinent to researchers who conduct interviews and focus groups.  Although the previous sections in this document have already addressed most of these criteria, you should nevertheless familiarize yourself with COREQ.  This checklist is presented in the following display.\n\u000f\n\u000f\nReferences\nLevitt, H. M., Bamberg, M., Creswell, J. W., Frost, D. M., Josselson, R., Suárez-Orozco, C. (2018).   Journal article reporting standards for qualitative primary, qualitative meta-analytic, and mixed methods research in psychology: The APA publications and communications board task force report.  American Psychologist, 73(1), 26-46.  doi: 10.1037/amp","cbCaisfFdVTNzcTU","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisfFdVTNzcTU","docx",1672868,"English","# Introduction\n## Title, abstract, and introduction\n# Method\n## Results and Discussion\n## Controversies and variations\n# COREQ: The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies\n# References","[{\"question\":\"Why do qualitative introductions and literature reviews differ from quantitative ones?\",\"answer\":\"Qualitative research typically does not propose hypotheses, so the literature review is not written to justify hypotheses. In many qualitative approaches, researchers also avoid comprehensive pre-reading to prevent bias and may explore phenomena with limited prior research.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the recommended order for constructing sections in qualitative reports?\",\"answer\":\"Writers often construct method, results, introduction, discussion, abstract, and title in that order. The document further notes that methods and results are usually easier to draft, and later insights can strengthen the introduction and discussion.\"},{\"question\":\"What does COREQ require for reporting qualitative studies?\",\"answer\":\"COREQ, the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies, provides 32 principles, with particular relevance for interviews and focus groups. The document advises becoming familiar with the checklist even though many criteria are already addressed in earlier sections.\"}]","Writing Qualitative Reports - COREQ | DOCX"]