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The abstract must use Calibri 11 pt with 1.0 line spacing, mainly in passive voice, and recommended tense usage centered on present and perfect forms, without citations or specific numeric results. The document explains that abstract content covers background, problem or objectives, theory, key concepts, methods, data, findings, conclusions and interpretations, and clarifies how keywords support retrieval and must follow allowed ontology terms. It also provides comprehensive instructions on format, layout, headings, typography, images and tables, special cases, equations, code snippets, footnotes, appendices, and systematic referencing and reference lists.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":46,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/paper-templates/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/writing-guidelines-thesis-writing-and-abstract-requirements-formatting-references-layout/162921/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/writing-guidelines-thesis-writing-and-abstract-requirements-formatting-references-layout/162921.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Evangeline","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","2026-09-19","2026-08-30",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":9},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"What are the core requirements for the thesis abstract?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"The thesis must include a one-page abstract after the cover page. It should use Calibri 11 pt with 1.0 line spacing, mainly passive voice, no citations, and no specific research percentages.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What content must the abstract include?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"The abstract should cover research background, the research problem or objectives, theory and key concepts, methods, data, key findings and results, and conclude with interpretations and conclusions. The recommended length is about 400–450 words.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"When should keyword language be Finnish, and how are keywords handled in the database?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"Keywords are written in the same language as the dissertation and can be discussed with the supervisor. For storage in the Osuva database, only words found in the general Finnish ontology (YSO) can be used.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},162921,1788134266,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":45,"category_name":46,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":9,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":125,"read_time":140},13056703019662,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253a8e92610077?_k=1778726343310543188","\u0003\n\u0003First name Surname\u0004\n\u0003Writing guidelines\u0004\n\u0003Possible specifying subheading\u0004\n\u0003School of XXX\u0004\nDiscipline and level of thesis\nDegree programme\nVaasa 20XX\n\u000f\u0004\nABSTRACT :\nThe thesis must be accompanied by a page-long abstract placed after the cover page. The font of the abstract is Calibri, and the font size is 11. The line spacing is 1. The abstract is written primarily in the passive form and its recommended verb tenses are present and perfect. The first person can be used, if necessary, to clarify one’s own choices. No citations are included in the abstract. Also, specific research results such as percentages are not included.\nThe abstract is equivalent to the maturity test in the master's thesis. It includes information on the background or starting point of the research, the research problem or research objective, theory, key concepts, methods used, data, key findings and research results, as well as conclusions and interpretations. The length of the abstract should be one full page (approximately 400-450 words), in accordance with these guidelines. No abstract is included in the course assignments.\nIf the thesis is written in English, the abstract must be written in Finnish. If the author has received his/her basic education in a language other than Finnish, the abstract may be written in English or in another language agreed on with the supervisor.\nThe abstract is added when the thesis is stored in the database and it is publicly visible and searchable by search engines.\nKeywords describe the key concepts of the work. The keywords of the thesis (5–8) are listed at the end of the abstract. Keywords are written in the same language as the dissertation and can be discussed with the supervisor. Keywords are important for the thesis to be retrievable. The purpose of a keyword is not to be unique, but to indicate which field the thesis is related to. When storing theses in the Osuva database, only words found in the general Finnish ontology (YSO) can be used.\n\u000f\nContents\n\u0013 TOC \\o \"1-3\" \\h \\z \\u \u0014\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc75183671\" \u00141\tUsing the writing guidelines\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc75183671 \\h \u00146\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc75183672\" \u00142\tFormat and layout requirements\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc75183672 \\h \u00147\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc75183673\" \u00142.1\tTitle page\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc75183673 \\h \u00147\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc75183674\" \u00142.2\tPage numbers and table of contents, as well as other lists\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc75183674 \\h \u00148\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc75183675\" \u00142.3\tText layout and font\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc75183675 \\h \u00149\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc75183676\" \u00142.4\tChapters, headings and paragraphs\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc75183676 \\h \u001410\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc75183677\" \u00142.5\tImages, figures, tables and examples\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc75183677 \\h \u001411\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc75183678\" \u00142.5.1\tFigures and images\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc75183678 \\h \u001412\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc75183679\" \u00142.5.2\tTables\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc75183679 \\h \u001415\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc75183680\" \u00142.5.3\tExamples\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc75183680 \\h \u001417\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc75183681\" \u00142.6\tSpecial cases\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc75183681 \\h \u001418\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc75183682\" \u00142.6.1\tMathematical equations\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc75183682 \\h \u001418\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc75183683\" \u00142.6.2\tCodes and programme snippets\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc75183683 \\h \u001419\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc75183684\" \u00142.6.3\tFootnotes\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc75183684 \\h \u001420\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc75183685\" \u00142.7\tAppendices\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc75183685 \\h \u001420\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc75183686\" \u00143\tReferencing\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc75183686 \\h \u001421\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc75183687\" \u00143.1\tGeneral information about using references\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc75183687 \\h \u001421\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc75183688\" \u00143.2\tThe positioning of references\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc75183688 \\h \u001424\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc75183689\" \u00143.3\tFurther information on references\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc75183689 \\h \u001426\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc75183690\" \u00143.3.1\tThe writer’s name in the middle of a sentence\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc75183690 \\h \u001427\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc75183691\" \u00143.3.2\tPublications by multiple authors\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc75183691 \\h \u001427\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc","cbCaioqIhHXznUTM","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioqIhHXznUTM","docx",231330,67,"English","# Using the writing guidelines\n# Format and layout requirements\n## Title page\n## Page numbers and table of contents, as well as other lists\n## Text layout and font\n## Chapters, headings and paragraphs\n## Images, figures, tables and examples\n## Special cases\n## Referencing\n## Compiling a list of references","[{\"question\":\"What are the core requirements for the thesis abstract?\",\"answer\":\"The thesis must include a one-page abstract after the cover page. It should use Calibri 11 pt with 1.0 line spacing, mainly passive voice, no citations, and no specific research percentages.\"},{\"question\":\"What content must the abstract include?\",\"answer\":\"The abstract should cover research background, the research problem or objectives, theory and key concepts, methods, data, key findings and results, and conclude with interpretations and conclusions. The recommended length is about 400–450 words.\"},{\"question\":\"When should keyword language be Finnish, and how are keywords handled in the database?\",\"answer\":\"Keywords are written in the same language as the dissertation and can be discussed with the supervisor. For storage in the Osuva database, only words found in the general Finnish ontology (YSO) can be used.\"}]","Writing Guidelines - Thesis Writing and Abstract Requirements - Formatting, References, Layout | DOCX",23]