[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-565386-105":53,"doc-detail-565386-en":126},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":119,"head_meta":121,"extra_data":123,"updated_unix":125},105,"en","women-men-and-the-new-economics-of-marriage-executive-summary","Women, Men and the New Economics of Marriage - Executive Summary","","The executive summary explains how marriage has changed as women have advanced faster than men in education and earnings. Pew Research Center analysis shows more men in 2007 married women with higher education and income, while women more often married men with lower education and income. These shifts have reversed who benefits economically: married men gained more than in the past, while married women’s gains no longer dominate, aided by compositional changes in marriage rates and education.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/women-men-and-the-new-economics-of-marriage-executive-summary/565386/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/women-men-and-the-new-economics-of-marriage-executive-summary/565386.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"River Wang","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-10-13",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":47},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"What major changes in marriage are described in the executive summary?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"Marriage has shifted as women outpaced men in education and earnings growth. The summary notes reversals in both spousal characteristics and the economic benefits of marriage.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How do education patterns between spouses differ from 1970 to 2007?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"In 1970, wives more often had better-educated husbands; by 2007, the pattern reversed, with more wives married to husbands with less education and fewer to husbands with more education.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why have economic gains from marriage changed by gender?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"Economic gains associated with marriage have become greater for men than women due to gender components in employment and the compositional effects of changing marriage rates by education. The summary also describes that men increasingly gain another breadwinner within the household when marrying.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},565386,1792093685,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":47,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":140,"read_time":141},1099514067438,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539ee87300030?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780474512215547542","Women, Men and the New Economics of Marriage  \nFOR RELEASE: JANUARY 19, 2010  \nPaul Taylor, Project Director  \nRichard Fry, Senior Researcher D’Vera Cohn, Senior Writer  \nWendy Wang, Research Associate Gabriel Velasco, Research Analyst Daniel Dockterman, Research Assistant  \nMEDIA INQUIRIES CONTACT: Pew Research Center’s  \nSocial & Demographic Trends Project 202.419.4372  \n[http://pewsocialtrends.org](http://pewsocialtrends.org)  \n1  \nWomen, Men and the New Economics of Marriage  \nBy Richard Fry and D’Vera Cohn, Pew Research Center  \nExecutive Summary  \nThe institution of marriage has undergone significant changes in recent decades as women have outpaced men in education and earnings growth. These unequal gains have been accompanied by gender role reversals in both the spousal characteristics and the economic benefits of marriage.  \nA larger share of men in 2007, compared with their 1970 counterparts, are married to women whose education and income exceed their own, according to a Pew Research Center analysis of demographic and economic trend data. A larger share of women are married to men with less education and income.  \nFrom an economic perspective, these trends have contributed to a gender role reversal in the gains from marriage. In the past, when relatively few wives worked, marriage enhanced the economic status of women more than that of men. In recent decades, however, the economic gains associated with marriage have been greater for men than for women.  \nIn 2007, median household incomes of three groups—married men, married women and  \n\n| The Rise of Wives, 1970 to 2007\u003Cbr>Share of Husbands Whose Wives’ Income Tops Theirs |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| | |\n| Among Married Women, Which Spouse Has More Education? |  |\n| 1970\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>28% 52%\u003Cbr>20%\u003Cbr>Same Husband\u003Cbr>Wife | 2007\u003Cbr>Same Husband\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>19%\u003Cbr>53%\u003Cbr>28%\u003Cbr>Wife |\n| Notes: Includes only native-born 30-to 44-year-olds. Source: Decennial Censuses and 2007 American Community Survey (ACS) Integrated Public Use Micro Samples (IPUMS)\u003Cbr>|  |\n\nunmarried women—were about 60% higher than those of their counterparts in 1970. But for a fourth group, unmarried men, the rise in real median household income was smaller—just 16% . (These household income figures are adjusted for household size and for inflation. For more details, see the methodology in Appendix B.)  \nPart of the reason for the superior gains of married adults is compositional in nature. Marriage rates have declined for all adults since 1970 and gone down most sharply for the least educated men and women. As a result, those with more education are far more likely than those with less education to be married, a gap that has widened since 1970. Because higher education tends to lead to higher earnings, these compositional changes have bolstered the economic gains from being married for both men and women.  \nThere also is an important gender component of these trends. Forty years ago, the typical man did not gain  \nanother breadwinner in his household when he married. Today, he does—giving his household increased earning  \n2  \npower that most unmarried men do not enjoy. The superior gains of married men have enabled them to overtake and surpass unmarried men in their median household income (see chart, page 3) .  \nThis report examines how changes at the nexus of marriage, income and education have played out among U.S.-born men and women who are ages 30-44—a stage of life when typical adults have completed their education,  \ngone to work and gotten married.1 Americans in this age group are the first such cohort in U.S. history to include more women than men with college degrees.  \nIn 1970, 28% of wives in this age range had husbands who were better educated than they were, outnumbering the 20% whose husbands had less education. By 2007, these patterns had reversed: 19% of wives had husbands with more education, versus 28% whose husbands had less education. In the remaining couples—about half in 1970 and 2007—spouses h","cbCaidqQ4qCQs9dF","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidqQ4qCQs9dF","pdf",413984,37,"English","# Executive Summary\n## Education and income patterns in marriage\n## Economic gains from marriage: gender reversal","[{\"question\":\"What major changes in marriage are described in the executive summary?\",\"answer\":\"Marriage has shifted as women outpaced men in education and earnings growth. The summary notes reversals in both spousal characteristics and the economic benefits of marriage.\"},{\"question\":\"How do education patterns between spouses differ from 1970 to 2007?\",\"answer\":\"In 1970, wives more often had better-educated husbands; by 2007, the pattern reversed, with more wives married to husbands with less education and fewer to husbands with more education.\"},{\"question\":\"Why have economic gains from marriage changed by gender?\",\"answer\":\"Economic gains associated with marriage have become greater for men than women due to gender components in employment and the compositional effects of changing marriage rates by education. The summary also describes that men increasingly gain another breadwinner within the household when marrying.\"}]","Women, Men and the New Economics of Marriage - Executive Summary | PDF",1791852805,13]