[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-164271-105":3,"doc-detail-164271-en":80,"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":96},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":73,"head_meta":75,"extra_data":77,"updated_unix":79},105,"en","vision-therapy-activities-for-preschoolers-wachs-analysis-of-cognitive-structures-wacs-functional-vision-skills","Vision Therapy Activities for Preschoolers - Wachs Analysis of Cognitive Structures (WACS) - Functional Vision Skills","","Comprehensive preschool vision therapy training focused on typical visual development for children ages 3–6 and recognizing delayed functional vision skills. Covers the Wachs Analysis of Cognitive Structures (WACS) assessment framework, including object identification, object construction, general movement, and graphic design tasks. Emphasizes evidence from the Vision in Preschoolers (VIP) study, highlighting that early detection and intervention improve treatment effectiveness. Includes age-by-age functional skill targets (fixate, follow, focus, fuse) and developmental lag signs across oculomotor, eye-hand coordination, and space perception.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/","Template",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/presentations/","Presentations",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/vision-therapy-activities-for-preschoolers-wachs-analysis-of-cognitive-structures-wacs-functional-vision-skills/164271/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/vision-therapy-activities-for-preschoolers-wachs-analysis-of-cognitive-structures-wacs-functional-vision-skills/164271.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Asher","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","2026-09-21","2026-08-31",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":33},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"What are the main learning goals for preschool vision therapy activities (ages 3–6)?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"The course focuses on normal vision development, identifying delayed visual skills, understanding the WACS assessment, and practicing age-appropriate vision therapy procedures.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"What are examples of developmental lag signs across age 3–5?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"Lag signs include difficulty following moving objects without head movement, weak eye-hand coordination (e.g., form board or drawing tasks), and limited space perception (e.g., not using spatial words or placing objects by direction).",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"How does WACS guide vision therapy activity selection?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"WACS organizes activities into functional domains such as object identification, object construction, general movement, and graphic design, helping match tasks to the child’s cognitive-visual processing level.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},164271,1788150363,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",{"doc_id":78,"user_id":83,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":84,"doc_module":22,"category_id":85,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":86,"file_id":87,"file_url":88,"file_type":89,"file_size":90,"view_count":33,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":91,"language":92,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":93,"faqs":94,"seo_title":95,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":79,"read_time":30},687197207639,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd",11,"Vision Therapy Activities for Preschoolers\u000b\u000bBoulder Valley Vision Therapy\u000bJen Simonson, OD, FCOVD\nCourse Objectives:\nLearn about normal vision development in Preschoolers (ages 3-6)\nIdentify delayed visual skills development\nBecome familiar with the Wachs Analysis of Cognitive Structures (WACS) assessment\nWork-shop on Age-appropriate Vision Therapy Procedures\nVisually-guided Motor\nTracking\nAccommodation\nBinocularity\nVisual-Perceptual\nLearn how to adapt common vision therapy activities to the appropriate level for this age group\nVision in Preschoolers Research Study (VIP)\nEarly detection increases the likelihood of effective treatment\nFewer than 15 percent of all preschool children receive an eye examination. Fewer than 22 percent of preschool children receive some type of vision screening.\nPrevalence of Vision Disorders:\nAmblyopia (2-5%)\nStrabismus (3-4%)\nSignificant refractive error (10-15%)\nMotor LEADS Vision Development: From Birth until Six Months, motor development drives visual development\nA child at one month can follow moving lights\nAccidental touch of objects leads to visual reach at 3 months\nA four month old can focus as an object is moved as close as 16 inches\nThe Emergence of Vision\nObject Permanence develops between 9-12 months. The child will search for a covered object because they know that it still exists. First concept that an object isn’t gone if it isn’t seen.\nAt the age of 9 months to 1 year, vision plays a key role in LEADING motor development\nFunctional Vision Skills:\nFixate\nFollow\nFocus\nFuse\nFigure-Out\nAge 3\nAble to switch attention from near to far\nShows good spatial orientation\nAble to scan smoothly\nCan team the two eyes at near and intermediate distances (up to 7-10 feet)\nAbility to plan ahead and predict movements in space (better able to catch a ball)\nAble to name more objects seen\nAble to describe experience of space – over, under, back, bigger, more\nAble to turn eyes without moving head\nSigns of Developmental Lags (25% below Average)\nOculomotor\nUnable to follow a moving object without moving the head\nHas to move the head to shift attention\nUnable to walk and observe at the same time – has to be still to look\nEye-Hand Coordination\nUnable to complete a three-piece form board\nCannot draw a circle\nUnable to fold paper\nSpace Perception\nFew spatial words (does not use over, from, by, on top of)\nUnable to place an object  as directed\nCannot specify space details: kitchen vs. “house”\nAge 4\nAble to make eye contact at 10 to 16 feet\nAble to make recognizable drawings\nThe child can begin to visualize and look ahead to plan motor activities\nMore peripherally aware\nImaginative play\nAble to combine horizontal and vertical movements\nSigns of Developmental Lags (25% below Average)\nOculomotor\nCan only watch an object as close as 5 inches\nEyes move in large jumps to follow an object\nLoses track of target if keeps head still\nEye-Hand Coordination\nUnable to do tasks without watching hands\nUnable to build a bridge with blocks\nSpace Perception\nUnable to follow directions such as “place the toy (on, in, behind, in front, beside)”\nUnable to fit shapes together to make a design\nUnable to copy a sequence of four\nAge 5\nAcuity has now developed to see clearly at 20 feet\nAble to maintain eye contact\nCan draw circle, cross and edges\nCan accurately judge where things are in space\nCan identify objects by color, size and position\nImproved tracking skills (fully developed at age 7)\nImproved binocularity (able to fill a cup without spilling)\nSigns of Developmental Lags (25% below Average)\nOculomotor\nCan only watch an object to 3 inches\nEyes move in small stops and starts\nEyes overshoot or undershoot the target\nEye-Hand Coordination\nSquare looks like a capital D\nUnable to copy a triangle\nUnable to complete a form board\nSpace Perception\nUnable to put two triangles together to make a rectangle\nDoes not know his left or right side\nCannot follow directions when drawing to place a mark under, above, behind, or in front of a printed shap","cbCair0XXiRXcziv","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCair0XXiRXcziv","docx",30888,7,"English","# Course Objectives\n## Normal vision development (ages 3–6)\n## Delayed visual skills and WACS assessment\n## Age-appropriate vision therapy procedures\n# Visually-guided functional skills\n## Fixate, follow, focus, fuse, figure-out\n## Age 3 functional skills and lag signs\n## Age 4 functional skills and lag signs\n## Age 5 functional skills and lag signs\n# Vision in Preschoolers (VIP) research study\n## Early detection and prevalence of vision disorders\n# WACS framework\n## Identification of objects\n## Object construction\n## General movement\n## Graphic design\n# Visually guided motor activities\n## Eye/Body coordination and reflex-based activities\n## Vestibular and tactile preparation activities\n## Ball catching and gross motor coordination","[{\"question\":\"What are the main learning goals for preschool vision therapy activities (ages 3–6)?\",\"answer\":\"The course focuses on normal vision development, identifying delayed visual skills, understanding the WACS assessment, and practicing age-appropriate vision therapy procedures.\"},{\"question\":\"What are examples of developmental lag signs across age 3–5?\",\"answer\":\"Lag signs include difficulty following moving objects without head movement, weak eye-hand coordination (e.g., form board or drawing tasks), and limited space perception (e.g., not using spatial words or placing objects by direction).\"},{\"question\":\"How does WACS guide vision therapy activity selection?\",\"answer\":\"WACS organizes activities into functional domains such as object identification, object construction, general movement, and graphic design, helping match tasks to the child’s cognitive-visual processing level.\"}]","Vision Therapy Activities for Preschoolers - 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