[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-185538-en":3,"doc-seo-185538-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":11,"category_id":12,"category_name":13,"doc_title":14,"doc_description":15,"doc_content":16,"file_id":17,"file_url":18,"file_type":19,"file_size":20,"view_count":11,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":11,"is_downloadable":11,"audit_status":11,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":15,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},185538,1374404737137,"Adam","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",1,11,"Presentations","Violence Risk Assessment & Management Information Toolkit","Toolkit focused on epidemiology, risk assessment, and risk management related to violence and mental illness. Covers ways to measure crime and interpret trends, including key victim and perpetrator patterns. Explains research challenges and biases when linking psychosis with violence, and reviews major study designs such as prison surveys, cross-sectional studies, and cohort follow-up. Includes core findings from classic epidemiological and violence risk assessment research to support clinical and actuarial approaches.","Violence Risk \u000bAssessment & Management Information Toolkit\nDr Gregory Darryl /\nDr Waldron Gerard\nStructure\nEpidemiology of violence and mental illness\nRisk Assessment:\nClinical\nActuarial\nStructured clinical\nRisk Management\nFurther Study\nEpidemiology of \u000bViolence and Mental Illness\nIs it this bad?\nCrime\nThere are various ways of measuring crime:\nHousehold survey (e.g. British Crime Survey)\nArrest statistics\nRates of convictions\nBritish Crime Survey \u000b2012/13http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_349849.pdf\n8.0 million crimes in past one year\nc.f. police report 3.7 million offences\n21.5% chance of being a victim (39.7% in 1995)\nBCS- Types of Offences\nTrends in Violent Offences \u000bsource: Crime Survey for England and Wales, Office for National Statistics\nBCS- Violent offences\u000bhttp://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_298904.pdf\nLevels of violent crime estimated by the CSEW showed a statistically significant decrease of 13%\u000bin the year ending September 2013 compared with the previous year. This follows on from large\u000bfalls seen in the CSEW between 1995 and 2004/05, with current estimates at less than half the level\u000bseen at the highest level reported, in 1995\nHighest perpetrator group-  single men, 16-24 (86% violent offenders men; 52% aged between 16 and 24)\nHighest victim group- see above\n2.3% risk of violence (3.8% men, 2.1% women, 11% gp above)\nMen most likely victim violence from stranger (75%)\nWomen most likely victim of domestic violence (71%)\n47% of perpetrators alcohol; 23% drugs\nTypes of Violent Offences(2011/12)\u000bsource:\u000bFocus on: Violent Crime and Sexual\u000bOffences, 2011/12 \u000bhttp://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_298904.pdf\nWhy drop in crime?\nVarious theories e.g.\nPost World War 2 baby boom- large numbers of young men during 1960s and 1970s who are now older\nRemoval of lead from petrol\nRepopulation of inner cities\nHotspot policing\nTechnology, making acquisitive offending harder\nBetter trauma care, meaning fewer deaths from violence\nFor review see 'The International Crime Drop’, van Dijk, J et al, Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2012\nIs there a link between psychosis and violence?\nResearch Base\nBefore 1990s there was a lack of evidence on the link between mental illness and violence\nDuring the 1990s and 2000s a large number of different studies were undertaken, driven, in part by public anxiety\nBias\nStudies in this area are difficult.  Information biases are particularly problematic, concerning:\nPsychiatric factors e.g.\nDiagnosis\nDefinition of psychiatric patient\nAnd offending / violence e.g.\nRecording of crime\nSelection bias (are people who are psychotic more likely to be arrested?)\nArrest statistics\nTypes of studies\nPrison Surveys\nCross-Sectional Studies\nCohort studies\nDischarge Follow-up\nMeta-analysis\nPrison Surveys\nPrisons are a good place to look for those who’ve been violent!\nThese were the first studies to look at the link between violence and mental illness e.g.\nMaden, Taylor, Brooke et al (1995); Taylor & Gunn (1984)\nGunn, Maden & Swinton (1991)\n5% of all convicted male prisoners in E&W; n=1796\n45% psychiatric diagnosis\n90%= substance abuse, PD, sexual deviance, neurosis\n2% psychotic\n3% needed transfer to hospital\nCross-sectional Studies\nPrison surveys gave some information but looked at an unusual group\nCross sectional studies aimed to measure mental illness and criminality at using data obtained at one moment in time e.g.\nEpidemiological Catchment Area Survey- Swanson et al (1990)\nEpidemiological Catchment Area Survey- Swanson et al (1990)\nMethod:\n10,000 people\n3 metropolitan areas in USA\nDSM-III diagnosis\nEpidemiological Catchment Area Survey- Swanson et al (1990)\nMeasures of violence (1 or more needed in past year):\n“Did you ever hit or throw things at your partner?”\n“Have you ever spanked or hit a child hard enough that he/she has bruises or had to stay in bed or had to see a doctor?”\n“Since the age of 18, have you been in more than  1 fight that came to swapping blows, other than fights with your partner?”\n“Have you ever used a ","cbCaiqMjUVrJkogL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqMjUVrJkogL","ppt",1244160,150,"English","en",105,"# Violence Risk Assessment & Management Information Toolkit\n## Epidemiology of Violence and Mental Illness\n## Risk Assessment: Clinical, Actuarial, Structured Clinical\n## Risk Management\n## Further Study\n### Is there a link between psychosis and violence?\n### Research base and information biases","[{\"question\":\"What are the main methods for risk assessment covered in the toolkit?\",\"answer\":\"It distinguishes clinical, actuarial, and structured clinical approaches for assessing violence risk.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the material describe measuring crime and interpreting trends?\",\"answer\":\"It lists measurement sources such as household surveys, arrest statistics, and conviction rates, and summarizes estimated changes and patterns using survey data.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is it difficult to establish a link between psychosis and violence?\",\"answer\":\"The slides highlight information biases, including issues in diagnosis, definitions, recording of crime, and selection bias related to who gets arrested.\"}]","Violence Risk Assessment & Management Information Toolkit | 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are the main methods for risk assessment covered in the toolkit?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"It distinguishes clinical, actuarial, and structured clinical approaches for assessing violence risk.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"How does the material describe measuring crime and interpreting trends?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"It lists measurement sources such as household surveys, arrest statistics, and conviction rates, and summarizes estimated changes and patterns using survey data.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"Why is it difficult to establish a link between psychosis and violence?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"The slides highlight information biases, including issues in diagnosis, definitions, recording of crime, and selection bias related to who gets 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