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Produced in English American and West Indian colonies and shipped to Europe, tobacco moved through manufacturers, inland suppliers and retailers before being “vented” to users. Consumption—especially within rituals of sociability—sustained investment, expansion, and the integration of an “exotic” stimulant into everyday diets.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":46,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/paper-templates/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/venting-smoke-the-trade-and-consumption-of-tobacco-in-early-modern-england-and-wales-c1625-1685/171998/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/venting-smoke-the-trade-and-consumption-of-tobacco-in-early-modern-england-and-wales-c1625-1685/171998.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"WPS_1786070896","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","2026-10-16","2026-09-01",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":47},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"What time period does the thesis focus on?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"It focuses on the years 1625–1685, when tobacco shifted into a widely available commodity in England and Wales.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How does tobacco move from production to consumers in the study’s lifecycle?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"After production in English colonies, tobacco was shipped to Europe and distributed to manufacturers, inland suppliers and retailers, then “vented” to its users.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why is consumption central to the thesis’ explanation of the tobacco trade?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"Consumption, particularly through rituals of sociability, provided the basis for continued investment and trade expansion, helping tobacco become an affordable everyday product.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},171998,1788288727,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":45,"category_name":46,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":47,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":125,"read_time":140},549768072016,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Venting Smoke:\nThe Trade and Consumption of Tobacco in Early Modern England and Wales, c.1625-1685\nAlexander G. Taylor\nA thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of\u000bDoctor of Philosophy\nThe University of Sheffield\u000bFaculty of Arts and Humanities\u000bDepartment of History\n\u000f\n\u000f\nAbstract\nThis thesis explores the trade and consumption of tobacco in seventeenth-century England and Wales (1625-1685). The period under study constitutes the moment when tobacco became a widely available commodity, bringing about huge ramifications for early modern England and beyond. After production in England’s American and West Indian colonies, tobacco was shipped to Europe where it was distributed to manufacturers, inland suppliers and retailers, before ‘vented’ to its users. Paramount to this lifecycle was consumption – above all else in rituals of sociability – which provided the means for continued investment and expansion in the trade. As a result of extensive involvement in its overseas traffic, tobacco became an affordable, everyday commodity, the first ‘exotic’ stimulant to enter the quotidian diets of early modern English men and women.\nThe thesis responds to two broader historiographical traditions, namely the early modern ‘Atlantic world’ and the so-called ‘consumer revolution’. It also taps into more recent inroads made into the history of ‘intoxicants’. Tobacco provided one of the strongest links that ordinary men and women had with the wider world whereas its consumption was a novel form of commodified intoxication that became permanently assimilated into daily life. However, little work has previously focused on the domestic side of the tobacco trade; even less attention has been given to linking up local practices of consumption and production with international patterns of commerce. In responding to these defects, the thesis emphasises the role of non-London ports, the eclectic involvement of dealers, the illegal economy, domestic economic development, and the significance of tobacco consumption as a driving force for commercial expansion. On a broader level, the thesis questions the usefulness of certain historiographical concepts – be they the early modern ‘Atlantic world’ or ‘consumer revolution’ – in analysing economic, social and cultural change in the seventeenth century.\n\u000f\n\u000f\nVent:\n2. a. To discharge, eject, cast or pour out (liquid, smoke, etc.)\n7. a. trans. To sell or vend (commodities or goods); to dispose of by sale.\nVery common from c1600 to c1670.\nOxford English Dictionary\n\u000f\u000f\nFor Wilf\n\u000f\u000f\n\u0003Contents\n\u0013 TOC \\o \"1-3\" \\h \\z \\u \u0014\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc519668877\" \u0014Abstract\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc519668877 \\h \u0014iii\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc519668878\" \u0014Acknowledgements\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc519668878 \\h \u0014xi\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc519668879\" \u0014Figures and Tables\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc519668879 \\h \u0014xii\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc519668880\" \u0014Abbreviations\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc519668880 \\h \u0014xiii\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc519668881\" \u0014Introduction\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc519668881 \\h \u0014- 1 -\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc519668882\" \u0014ii. Early Modern Worlds\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc519668882 \\h \u0014- 5 -\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc519668883\" \u0014iv. Venting Smoke\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc519668883 \\h \u0014- 22 -\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc519668884\" \u0014Chapter One  London and the Outports:  The Transformation of the Tobacco Import Trade\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc519668884 \\h \u0014- 29 -\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc519668885\" \u0014i. Quantities and Prices\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc519668885 \\h \u0014- 31 -\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc519668886\" \u0014ii. London\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc519668886 \\h \u0014- 41 -\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc519668887\" \u0014iii. The Outports\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc519668887 \\h \u0014- 47 -\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc519668888\" \u0014iv. Bristol\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc519668888 \\h \u0014- 59 -\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc519668889\" \u0014v. Conclusion\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc519668889 \\h \u0014- 71 -\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc519668890\" \u0014Chapter Two  Merchants and Mariners:  Practices and Participation in the Colonial Tobacco Trade\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc519668890 \\h \u0014- 73 -\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc519668891\" \u0014i. Production\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc519668891 \\","cbCaieLH9TFoOJT7","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieLH9TFoOJT7","docx",1977544,349,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Early Modern Worlds\n## Venting Smoke\n# Chapter One - London and the Outports: The Transformation of the Tobacco Import Trade\n## Quantities and Prices\n## London\n## The Outports\n## Bristol\n## Conclusion\n# Chapter Two - Merchants and Mariners: Practices and Participation in the Colonial Tobacco Trade\n## Production\n## Modes of Transaction\n## Risks\n## Participation at Bristol\n## Mariners\n## Conclusion\n# Chapter Three - Regulation and Limitations: The Illicit Tobacco Trade\n## Regulation\n## Inter-Imperial Trade\n## Direct Smuggling\n## Customs Fraud\n## Domestic Cultivation\n## Conclusion\n# Chapter Four - Manufacture and Distribution: The Circulation of Tobacco\n## Techniques\n## Practitioners\n## Overseas Re-Exports\n## Inland Distribution\n## Conclusion\n# Chapter Five - Retail and Consumption: Tobacco Retailing and Social Practices\n## Retail Practices\n## Illegal Ret","[{\"question\":\"What time period does the thesis focus on?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on the years 1625–1685, when tobacco shifted into a widely available commodity in England and Wales.\"},{\"question\":\"How does tobacco move from production to consumers in the study’s lifecycle?\",\"answer\":\"After production in English colonies, tobacco was shipped to Europe and distributed to manufacturers, inland suppliers and retailers, then “vented” to its users.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is consumption central to the thesis’ explanation of the tobacco trade?\",\"answer\":\"Consumption, particularly through rituals of sociability, provided the basis for continued investment and trade expansion, helping tobacco become an affordable everyday product.\"}]","Venting Smoke - The Trade and Consumption of Tobacco in Early Modern England and Wales, c.1625-1685 | DOCX",122]