[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-563444-105":53,"doc-detail-563444-en":127},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":120,"head_meta":122,"extra_data":124,"updated_unix":126},105,"en","understanding-hba1c-a-guide-for-health-professionals","Understanding HbA1c - A guide for health professionals","","Understanding HbA1c explains how glycated haemoglobin serves as an indirect measure of average glycaemia over roughly 2–3 months, while also being influenced by more recent glucose exposure. It outlines evidence-based HbA1c targets drawn from major trials, then emphasizes individualized goal-setting by accounting for diabetes duration, hypoglycaemia risk, comorbidities, life expectancy, and patient preferences. The guide also covers key limitations, links between HbA1c and SMBG/CGM data, and practical aspects of HbA1c measurement for clinical and research use.",{"@graph":63,"@context":119},[64,80,102],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/understanding-hba1c-a-guide-for-health-professionals/563444/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/understanding-hba1c-a-guide-for-health-professionals/563444.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Noah","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-25","2026-10-12",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":101},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",7,{"@type":103,"mainEntity":104},"FAQPage",[105,111,115],{"name":106,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":108},"How does HbA1c reflect average blood glucose over time?","Question",{"text":109,"@type":110},"HbA1c is an indirect measure of average glycaemia over approximately 2–3 months. About half of the HbA1c value reflects glucose exposure in the preceding 30 days, with smaller contributions from earlier periods.","Answer",{"name":112,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":113},"What HbA1c targets are commonly recommended, and why are they individualized?",{"text":114,"@type":110},"Landmark trials support an HbA1c target of 7% or less to reduce diabetes-related complications. Targets should be individualized based on factors such as duration of diabetes, life expectancy, hypoglycaemia risk, comorbidities, and patient preferences and resources.",{"name":116,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What are the key limitations of using HbA1c and how does it relate to SMBG and CGM?",{"text":118,"@type":110},"The guide discusses limitations of HbA1c and explains how it relates to self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG). It also summarizes statistics derived from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) alongside HbA1c.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":121,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":123,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":125,"site_id":56},563444,1792086203,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":128},{"doc_id":125,"user_id":129,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":130,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":131,"file_id":132,"file_url":133,"file_type":134,"file_size":135,"view_count":101,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":20,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":140,"read_time":47},8796095462418,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80000253c1241d02b47?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778826106357471780","NDSS Helpline 1800 637 700 [ndss.com.au](ndss.com.au)  \nUnderstanding HbA1c: A guide for health professionals  \nADEA is a National Health Professional  \nBody Agent for the NDSS.  \nVersion 2.0.0 July 2025. First published March 2014. NDSSA4B016  \nContents  \nAbbrevations 1  Introduction 2   \nHbA1c targets 2  Use of HbA1c in the management of diagnosed diabetes 4  Use of HbA1c for diagnosis of diabetes 4  Limitations of HbA1c 5  Relationship between HbA1c and SMBG 6  HbA1c and CGM statistics 6  HbA1c measurement 7   \nAppendix 1: HbA1c conversion table 8  References 9   \nDisclaimer:  \nThe Australian Diabetes Educators Association and Diabetes Australia believe that the information contained in this resource was accurate and reliable at the time of publication. The websites quoted in the resource were accessible at the time of publication. The Australian Diabetes Educators Association and Diabetes Australia take no responsibility for the accuracy or future availability of these sites.  \nThe Australian Diabetes Educators Association and Diabetes Australia take no responsibility for any adverse consequences that arise as a result of using the content of the guide for clinical purposes. Trainees and other health professionals need to consider the individual circumstances and needs of people with diabetes when they are applying the information outlined in this resource in their clinical practice.  \nAbbreviations  \nADAG  \nADEA  \nADIPS  \nADS  \nAGP  \nAUSDRISK  \nCGM  \nDCCT  \neAG  \nGMI  \nHbA1c  \nHbCC  \nHbEE  \nHbSS  \nIFCC  \nIFCC-WG  \nNDSS  \nNGSP  \nOGTT  \nRANZCOG  \nSMBG  \nTIR  \nUKPDS  \nA1C-Derived Average Glucose study Australian Diabetes Educators Association Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society The Australian Diabetes Society Ambulatory glucose profile  \nAustralian Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Tool Continuous glucose monitoring  \nDiabetes Control and Complications Trial Estimated average glucose  \nGlycaemic management indicator Glycated haemoglobin Haemoglobin CC  \nHaemoglobin EE  \nHaemoglobin SS (sickle cell disease) International Federation of Clinical Chemistry  \nThe International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Working Group National Diabetes Services Scheme  \nNational Glycohaemoglobin Standardization Program Oral glucose tolerance test  \nRoyal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Self-monitoring blood glucose  \nTime-in-range  \nUnited Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study  \nUnderstanding HbA1c: A guide for health professionals 1  \nIntroduction  \nHbA1c (glycated haemoglobin) is an indirect measurement which reflects average glycaemia over approximately 2–3 months (the average lifespan of the erythrocyte).1,2  \nHowever, it is more strongly influenced by recent glucose exposure, and it is estimated that about 50% of a HbA1c value represents glucose exposure in the preceding 30 days, 40% represents exposure in the previous 31–90 days and 10% in the previous 91–120 days.1  \nHbA1c is the primary tool used to assess glycaemic status in both clinical practice and research, and can also be used in the diagnosis of diabetes. It has a strong relationship with diabetes-related complications and is used in defining treatment targets and making management decisions.3,4  \nHbA1c targets  \nLandmark trials including the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) and Kumamoto Study demonstrated the benefit of a HbA1c of 7%(53 mmol/L) or less for delaying and reducing the risk of diabetes-related complications in people living with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. As a result, the general target HbA1c of 7%(53 mmol/mol) or less is recommended globally.  \nHowever, HbA1c targets should be individualised, considering factors such as: 3 » the duration of diabetes  \n» life expectancy  \n» risk of hypoglycaemia  \n» other coexisting health conditions, including cardiovascular complications  \n» treatment risks and burdens  \n» resources and support systems of the person to saf","cbCaikqM0nISOqov","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikqM0nISOqov","pdf",297938,"English","# Introduction\n# HbA1c targets\n# Use of HbA1c in the management of diagnosed diabetes\n# Use of HbA1c for diagnosis of diabetes\n# Limitations of HbA1c\n# Relationship between HbA1c and SMBG\n# HbA1c and CGM statistics\n# HbA1c measurement\n# Appendix 1: HbA1c conversion table\n# References","[{\"question\":\"How does HbA1c reflect average blood glucose over time?\",\"answer\":\"HbA1c is an indirect measure of average glycaemia over approximately 2–3 months. About half of the HbA1c value reflects glucose exposure in the preceding 30 days, with smaller contributions from earlier periods.\"},{\"question\":\"What HbA1c targets are commonly recommended, and why are they individualized?\",\"answer\":\"Landmark trials support an HbA1c target of 7% or less to reduce diabetes-related complications. Targets should be individualized based on factors such as duration of diabetes, life expectancy, hypoglycaemia risk, comorbidities, and patient preferences and resources.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the key limitations of using HbA1c and how does it relate to SMBG and CGM?\",\"answer\":\"The guide discusses limitations of HbA1c and explains how it relates to self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG). It also summarizes statistics derived from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) alongside HbA1c.\"}]","Understanding HbA1c - A guide for health professionals | PDF",1791834962]