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Methods: Analysis covered 1,150 squamous cell carcinomas of the anal canal diagnosed from 1989–2004 within a 5.7 million population served by 8 population-based cancer registries; incidence trends used age-period-cohort modelling and net survival used the unbiased Pohar-Perme estimator. Results: Incidence rose for both sexes; survival and prognosis improved between 1989–1997 and 1998–2004.","Trends in incidence and survival in squamous-cell carcinoma of the anal canal in France\nA population-based study\nBOUVIER Anne-Marie1, BELOT Aurélien2, MANFREDI Sylvain3, JOOSTE Valérie1, UHRY Zoé2, FAIVRE Jean1, DUPORT Nicolas4, GRABAR Sophie5, and the French network of cancer registries FRANCIM\n1 Registre Bourguignon des Cancers Digestifs INSERM U866, CHU Dijon, Université de Dijon, Faculté de Médecine, Dijon, France, Réseau français des registres de Cancers  (FRANCIM).\n2 Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique, F-69003, Lyon, France ; Université de Lyon, F-69000; Université Lyon 1, F-69100 ; CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biotatistique-Santé, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France\n3 Service des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France\n4 Département des Maladies Chroniques et Traumatismes, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (InVS), French Institute for Public Health Surveillance, 94415 Saint-Maurice Cedex, France\n5 INSERM UMRS 943 – UPMC Univ Paris 6  UMRS 943, Paris, France\nRunning head: incidence and survival of anal cancer\nCorresponding author: Dr Anne-Marie Bouvier\nDigestive Cancer Registry of Burgundy; University Hospital Dijon, F-21079; INSERM U866; University of Burgundy, Dijon\nBP 87900, 21079 Dijon Cedex France\nTel: +33 3 80 39 33 38, Fax: +33 3 80 66 82 51\nEmail: \u0013 HYPERLINK \"mailto:anne-marie.bouvier@u-bourgogne.fr\" \u0014anne-marie.bouvier@u-bourgogne.fr\u0015\nFunding sources: French Institut national du cancer (INCa), French Institut de Veille Sanitaire (InVS)\nConflicts of interest: none declared\n\u000f\nAbstract\nObjectives: Data on anal cancer epidemiology are rare. The aim of this study was to report on trends in incidence and survival in anal cancer in France before the implementation of HPV vaccine.\nMethods: The analysis was carried out on 1,150 squamous cell carcinomas of the anal canal diagnosed from 1989 to 2004 in a population of 5.7 million people covered by 8 population-based cancer registries. Time trends in incidence were modelled using an age-period-cohort model. Net survivals were obtained using the recently validated unbiased Pohar-Perme estimator.\nResults: The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal increased from 0.2 to 0.5 per 100,000 person-years between 1982 and 2012, respectively, in men, and from 0.7 to 1.3, respectively, in women. In women, the increase peaked after 2005, with an annual percentage change of +3.4% between 2005 and 2012, as compared to +2.6% in men. Net survival was 56% (95% CI[49-64]) at 5 years and 48% [33-70] at 10 years in men. It was higher in women at 65% [61-69] and 56% [50-63], respectively. The prognosis improved between 1989-1997 and 1998-2004. This improvement was slightly greater for men than women, thus progressively reducing the gap between sexes.\nDiscussion: Squamous cell anal canal cancer incidence slightly increased for both sexes, but was more marked in women than men. The potential benefit of prophylactic female HPV vaccination against cervical cancer in France should be further evaluated.\nKey words:  anal cancer, incidence, survival, cancer registry\n\u000f\nIntroduction\nAnal cancer is a rare tumour representing less than 5% of cancers of the lower gastrointestinal tract \u0013 ADDIN EN.CITE \u003CEndNote>\u003CCite>\u003CAuthor>Clark\u003C/Author>\u003CYear>2004\u003C/Year>\u003CRecNum>1\u003C/RecNum>\u003CDisplayText>(Clark\u003Cstyle face=\"italic\"> et al.\u003C/style>, 2004)\u003C/DisplayText>\u003Crecord>\u003Crec-number>1\u003C/rec-number>\u003Cforeign-keys>\u003Ckey app=\"EN\" db-id=\"atzpzzsaqtat23ex2woxw9fn55f92dwrt0se\">1\u003C/key>\u003C/foreign-keys>\u003Cref-type name=\"(e.g., ".Map") Journal Article\">17\u003C/ref-type>\u003Ccontributors>\u003Cauthors>\u003Cauthor>Clark, M. A.\u003C/author>\u003Cauthor>Hartley, A.\u003C/author>\u003Cauthor>Geh, J. I.\u003C/author>\u003C/authors>\u003C/contributors>\u003Cauth-address>Department of General Surgery, Middlemore Hospital, Otahuhu, Auckland, New Zealand. mattclark@xtra.co.nz\u003C/auth-address>\u003Ctitles>\u003Ctitle>Cancer of the anal canal\u003C/title>\u003Csecondary-title>Lancet Oncol\u003C/secondary-title>\u003C/titles>\u003Cperiodical>\u003Cfull","cbCaidCjvLy7J78i","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidCjvLy7J78i","docx",117557,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n## Objectives\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Discussion\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What was the study aim regarding anal cancer epidemiology in France?\",\"answer\":\"To report trends in incidence and survival in anal cancer in France before HPV vaccine implementation.\"},{\"question\":\"How were incidence trends and net survival estimated?\",\"answer\":\"Incidence trends were modelled using an age-period-cohort model, and net survival was calculated with the unbiased Pohar-Perme estimator.\"},{\"question\":\"What key changes were observed in incidence and survival outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"Incidence increased over time for both sexes, with a more marked rise in women after 2005; prognosis improved between 1989–1997 and 1998–2004.\"}]","Trends in incidence and survival in squamous-cell carcinoma of the anal canal in France - A population-based study | DOCX",1788328506,{"code":4,"msg":74,"data":75},"ok",{"site_id":68,"language":67,"slug":76,"title":59,"keywords":77,"description":60,"schema_data":78,"social_meta":134,"head_meta":136,"extra_data":138,"updated_unix":72},"trends-in-incidence-and-survival-in-squamous-cell-carcinoma-of-the-anal-canal-in-france-a-population-based-study","",{"@graph":79,"@context":133},[80,96,116],{"@type":81,"itemListElement":82},"BreadcrumbList",[83,87,90,93],{"item":84,"name":85,"@type":86,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":88,"name":10,"@type":86,"position":89},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":91,"name":51,"@type":86,"position":92},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":94,"name":59,"@type":86,"position":95},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/trends-in-incidence-and-survival-in-squamous-cell-carcinoma-of-the-anal-canal-in-france-a-population-based-study/177601/",4,{"url":94,"name":59,"@type":97,"image":98,"author":103,"headline":59,"publisher":105,"fileFormat":108,"inLanguage":67,"description":60,"dateModified":109,"datePublished":110,"encodingFormat":108,"isAccessibleForFree":111,"interactionStatistic":112},"DigitalDocument",{"url":99,"@type":100,"width":101,"height":102},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/trends-in-incidence-and-survival-in-squamous-cell-carcinoma-of-the-anal-canal-in-france-a-population-based-study/177601.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":57,"@type":104},"Person",{"url":84,"name":106,"@type":107},"DocShare","Organization","application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","2026-09-28","2026-09-02",true,{"@type":113,"interactionType":114,"userInteractionCount":47},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":115},"ViewAction",{"@type":117,"mainEntity":118},"FAQPage",[119,125,129],{"name":120,"@type":121,"acceptedAnswer":122},"What was the study aim regarding anal cancer epidemiology in France?","Question",{"text":123,"@type":124},"To report trends in incidence and survival in anal cancer in France before HPV vaccine implementation.","Answer",{"name":126,"@type":121,"acceptedAnswer":127},"How were incidence trends and net survival estimated?",{"text":128,"@type":124},"Incidence trends were modelled using an age-period-cohort model, and net survival was calculated with the unbiased Pohar-Perme estimator.",{"name":130,"@type":121,"acceptedAnswer":131},"What key changes were observed in incidence and survival outcomes?",{"text":132,"@type":124},"Incidence increased over time for both sexes, with a more marked rise in women after 2005; prognosis improved between 1989–1997 and 1998–2004.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":94,"og:type":135,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":106,"og:description":60},"article",{"robots":137,"canonical":94},"index,follow",{"doc_id":55,"site_id":68}]