[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-565388-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":81,"doc-detail-565388-en":127},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","trends-in-blackwhite-intermarriage-abstract","Trends in Black/White Intermarriage - Abstract","","Although black/white intermarriage was a key indicator of U.S. race relations in the 1960s and early 1970s, academic attention fell during the 1980s. The study analyzes annual marriage-license data for 33 states from 1968 to 1986 to track changes in how the “black/white color line” shapes marriage choices. Findings show rapid growth after the Supreme Court lifted the legal ban, especially for black men, while marriage-status characteristics remain largely traditional.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/","Template",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/","General",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/trends-in-blackwhite-intermarriage-abstract/565388/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/trends-in-blackwhite-intermarriage-abstract/565388.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Genevieve","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-10-13",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",6,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"How does the study measure change in black/white intermarriage?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"It examines annual marriage license data for 33 states from 1968 to 1986, assessing how the black/white color line influences marriage choice over time.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What major legal and social change is linked to the increase in intermarriage?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The U.S. Supreme Court lifted the legal ban on racial intermarriage, and the analyses show intermarriage increased rapidly after that change.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What does the study say about the social status characteristics of these marriages?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The trend remains traditional: black/white intermarriage occurs primarily when the white woman marries up in socioeconomic status.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},565388,1792230328,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,89,94,99,104,109,114,119,124],{"id":85,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":86,"show_sort_weight":87,"slug":88},11,"Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":90,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":91,"show_sort_weight":92,"slug":93},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":95,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":96,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":98},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":100,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":105,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},16,"Social 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studies are currently being on done on black/white differences inincome,employment,education,and residence,but there is insufficient recentinformation on intermarriage.To fill in this gap,I examine annual marriage license datafor 33 states from 1968 to 1986 to assess how the role of the black/white color line inmarriage choice has changed.The analyses generally show that blackfwhite intermarriagehas increased rapidly since the U.S.Supreme Court lifted the legal ban on intermarriage.I further show that this trend is especially pronounced among black males and that thestatus characteristics of these marriages have remained traditional in the sense thatintermarriage still occurs primarily when the white woman marries up in socioeconomicstatus.In my conclusion,I offer several interpretations of why the link between statusand interracial marriage persists,and discuss what this implies for the nature of racialdiferentiation in contemporary American society.  \nAccording to recent empirical studies,various kinds of intermarriage havebecome more common over the course of this century.This applies to marriagesbetween Protestants and Catholics(Kalmijn 1991),between Jews and Christians(Kosmin et al.1991),and between members of different European ancestrygroups (Lieberson &Waters 1988).While these findings suggest that thetraditional group boundaries in American society are now weak,it comes as nosurprise that the major exception in this respect is the black/white color line.The exceptionally strong black/white color line in marriage summarizes thethree main features of racial differentiation in American society.The color lineis linked to high degrees of racial prejudice,it is the natural outcome of strongpatterns of residential and school segregation,and it is in part the heritage of along history of racial inequality in the economic sphere.Nonetheless,racialendogamy is more than simply a reflection of prejudice,segregation,and  \n*This research was supported by a grant from the University Committee on Research in theHumanities and Social Sciences at Princeton University.This article has benefited fromcomments by Frank Dobbin,Sanders Korenman,Alisa Lewin,Barbara Okun,Valerie Oppen-heimer,and participants of the Population Studies Center colloquium at the University ofPennsylvania.Address correspondence to Matthijs Kalmijn,Department of Sociology,UtrechtUniversity,Heidelberglaan 2,P.O.Box 80140,Utrecht,3508 TC,The Netherlands.  \n◎ The University of North Carolina PressSocial Forces,September 1993,72(1):119-146  \n120/Social Forces 72:1,September 1993  \ninequality.It also indicates that relationships between blacks and whites aretroublesome in the social sphere.Because racial endogamy is a direct indicatorof how social interaction in society is structured,it probably comes closest to theWeberian notion of status group closure and,as such,provides importantinsights into the nature of contemporary race relations(Gordon 1964).  \nAfter an upsurge of scholarly interest in racial intermarriage during the late1960s and 1970s,the number of studies examining black/white intermarriagedeclined quickly.A vast amount of research is currently being done on thedemography of blacks,on racial segregation,and on income and employmentdifferences between blacks and whites,but despite its earlier prominence as anindicator of race relations,intermarriage seems to be low on the presentacademic agenda.Several studies have examined trends in racial attitudes toassess how blacks and whites accept each other in primary and secondaryrelationships,but because these measures lack a behavioral component,theyleave us with doubts about how things have changed in practice.Someresearchers have argued,for example,that shifts in racial attitudes me","cbCaidXVM56Ycmsy","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidXVM56Ycmsy","pdf",933948,28,"English","# Abstract\n## Background and academic gap\n## Data and research approach\n## Key findings and patterns\n## Implications for racial differentiation","[{\"question\":\"How does the study measure change in black/white intermarriage?\",\"answer\":\"It examines annual marriage license data for 33 states from 1968 to 1986, assessing how the black/white color line influences marriage choice over time.\"},{\"question\":\"What major legal and social change is linked to the increase in intermarriage?\",\"answer\":\"The U.S. Supreme Court lifted the legal ban on racial intermarriage, and the analyses show intermarriage increased rapidly after that change.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the study say about the social status characteristics of these marriages?\",\"answer\":\"The trend remains traditional: black/white intermarriage occurs primarily when the white woman marries up in socioeconomic status.\"}]","Trends in Black/White Intermarriage - Abstract | PDF",1791852806,10]