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The section defines “excepted PLUS loan,” “excepted consolidation loan,” and “partial financial hardship” using borrower income relative to the poverty line. It allows eligible borrowers to elect monthly payments capped by a formula, directs how payments apply (interest, fees, then principal), provides rules for unpaid interest on subsidized and unsubsidized loans, defers unpaid principal, and addresses caps and timing when the borrower’s hardship status changes.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/title-20education-1098e-income-based-repayment/302800/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/title-20education-1098e-income-based-repayment/302800.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Skyler","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-22","2026-09-19",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":73},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"What loans are excluded under the income-based repayment definitions in § 1098e?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"The section defines “excepted PLUS loan” and “excepted consolidation loan” as loans made, insured, or guaranteed under specified statutes, including certain Federal Direct PLUS and consolidation loans where proceeds are used to discharge an excepted PLUS loan.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How is “partial financial hardship” determined?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"It is determined by comparing the borrower’s annual loan amount due (under the standard repayment plan for specified parts) against income thresholds, including a test based on 15% of the difference between adjusted gross income and 150% of the applicable poverty line.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the program cap a borrower’s monthly payment under § 1098e?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"Eligible borrowers with partial financial hardship may elect to have their aggregate monthly payment for covered loans not exceed the amount described in the statute’s formula (the subsection (a)(3)(B) result divided by 12).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},302800,1790068827,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":76,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":76,"language":135,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":136,"faqs":137,"seo_title":138,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":139,"read_time":9},2336464648746,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Page 725 TITLE 20—EDUCATION § 1098e  \npromulgated under such amendments, see section 402(b) of Pub. L. 110–315, set out as a note under section 1089 of this title.  \nThis section inapplicable to amendments made by Pub. L. 110–227 or to any regulations promulgated under such amendments, see section 11 of Pub. L. 110–227, set out as a note under section 1089 of this title.  \n§ 1098b. Authorization of appropriations for administrative expenses  \nThere are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 1993 and for each succeeding fiscal year thereafter for administrative expenses necessary for carrying out this subchapter, including expenses for staff personnel, program reviews, and compliance activities.  \n(Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, § 493, as added Pub. L. 102–325, title IV, § 497, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 634. )  \n§ 1098c. Repealed. Pub. L. 110–315, title IV, § 494E, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3324  \nSection, Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, § 493A, as added Pub.  \nL. 105–244, title IV, § 490E, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1756, related to Year 2000 requirements at the Department of Education.  \n§ 1098d. Procedures for cancellations and deferments for eligible disabled veterans  \nThe Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, shall develop and implement a procedure to permit Department of Veterans Affairs physicians to provide the certifications and affidavits needed to enable disabled veterans enrolled in the Department of Veterans Affairs health care system to document such veterans’ eligibility for deferments or cancellations of student loans made, insured, or guaranteed under this subchapter. Not later than 6 months after October 7, 1998, the Secretary and the Secretary of Veterans Affairs jointly shall report to Congress on the progress made in developing and implementing the procedure.  \n(Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, § 493B, as added Pub. L. 105–244, title IV, § 490F, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1758.)  \nStatutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries  \nEFFECTIVE DATE  \nSection effective Oct. 1, 1998, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105–244, see section 3 of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as an Effective Date of 1998 Amendment note under section 1001 of this title.  \n§ 1098e. Income-based repayment  \n(a) Definitions  \nIn this section:  \n(1) Excepted PLUS loan  \nThe term ‘‘excepted PLUS loan’’ means a loan under section 1078–2 of this title, or a Federal Direct PLUS Loan, that is made, insured, or guaranteed on behalf of a dependent student.  \n(2) Excepted consolidation loan  \nThe term ‘‘excepted consolidation loan’’means a consolidation loan under section 1078–3 of this title, or a Federal Direct Consoli-  \ndation Loan, if the proceeds of such loan were used to the discharge the liability on an excepted PLUS loan.  \n(3) Partial financial hardship  \nThe term ‘‘partial financial hardship’’, when used with respect to a borrower, means that for such borrower—  \n(A) the annual amount due on the total amount of loans made, insured, or guaranteed under part B or D (other than an excepted PLUS loan or excepted consolidation loan) to a borrower as calculated under the standard repayment plan under section 1078(b)(9)(A)(i) or 1087e(d)(1)(A) of this title, based on a 10-year repayment period; exceeds  \n(B) 15 percent of the result obtained by calculating, on at least an annual basis, the amount by which—  \n(i) the borrower’s, and the borrower’s spouse’s (if applicable), adjusted gross income; exceeds  \n(ii) 150 percent of the poverty line applicable to the borrower’s family size as determined under section 9902(2) of title 42.  \n(b) Income-based repayment program authorized  \nNotwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the Secretary shall carry out a program under which—  \n(1) a borrower of any loan made, insured, or guaranteed under part B or D (other than an excepted PLUS loan or excepted consolidation loan) who has a partial financial hardship (whether or not the borrower’s loan has been submit","cbCaiovI9sqMqYoU","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiovI9sqMqYoU","pdf",152453,"English","# § 1098e. Income-based repayment\n## (a) Definitions\n## (b) Income-based repayment program authorized","[{\"question\":\"What loans are excluded under the income-based repayment definitions in § 1098e?\",\"answer\":\"The section defines “excepted PLUS loan” and “excepted consolidation loan” as loans made, insured, or guaranteed under specified statutes, including certain Federal Direct PLUS and consolidation loans where proceeds are used to discharge an excepted PLUS loan.\"},{\"question\":\"How is “partial financial hardship” determined?\",\"answer\":\"It is determined by comparing the borrower’s annual loan amount due (under the standard repayment plan for specified parts) against income thresholds, including a test based on 15% of the difference between adjusted gross income and 150% of the applicable poverty line.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the program cap a borrower’s monthly payment under § 1098e?\",\"answer\":\"Eligible borrowers with partial financial hardship may elect to have their aggregate monthly payment for covered loans not exceed the amount described in the statute’s formula (the subsection (a)(3)(B) result divided by 12).\"}]","TITLE 20—EDUCATION - § 1098e - Income-based repayment | PDF",1789796996]