[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-563832-105":53,"doc-detail-563832-en":127},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":120,"head_meta":122,"extra_data":124,"updated_unix":126},105,"en","tips-for-appropriate-eye-chart-design","Tips for Appropriate Eye Chart Design","","Designing eye charts directly influences the visual acuity results obtained during testing. Evidence highlights the value of single LEA SYMBOLS optotypes surrounded with bars for preschool-aged children, while standardized charts are governed by national and international guidelines. The document specifies six core design guidelines, including equal legibility of optotypes, consistent optotype counts per line, equal horizontal and vertical spacing, logarithmic size progression, and specific luminance and contrast requirements. Additional distance and proportion considerations are also addressed.",{"@graph":63,"@context":119},[64,80,102],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/tips-for-appropriate-eye-chart-design/563832/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/tips-for-appropriate-eye-chart-design/563832.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"RuangKosong","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-25","2026-10-12",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":101},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",6,{"@type":103,"mainEntity":104},"FAQPage",[105,111,115],{"name":106,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":108},"Why does eye chart design affect the visual acuity results?","Question",{"text":109,"@type":110},"The design of the eye chart significantly affects the visual acuity obtained during testing. Research and guidelines emphasize that chart features can change measurement outcomes.","Answer",{"name":112,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":113},"What are the six core guidelines for an appropriate eye chart design?",{"text":114,"@type":110},"The document lists: approximately equal legibility of optotypes, the same number of optotypes per line, equal horizontal spacing matching optotype width, equal vertical spacing matching the next row optotype height, a 0.1 log-unit size progression between rows, and black optotypes on a white background within specified luminance ranges.",{"name":116,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How far should participants be from the eye chart?",{"text":118,"@type":110},"Unless the chart is calibrated for 5 feet, individuals from age 3 through adulthood should be 10 feet from the chart to their eyes, not 20 feet. The chart proportion should reflect expected acuity results such as 20/32 instead of 20/30.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":121,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":123,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":125,"site_id":56},563832,1792176539,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":128},{"doc_id":125,"user_id":129,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":130,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":131,"file_id":132,"file_url":133,"file_type":134,"file_size":135,"view_count":101,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":76,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":140,"read_time":9},962090883219,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Tips for Appropriate Eye Chart Design  \nThe design of the eye chart you use can significantly affect the visual acuity you receive(Bailey,2012).Research supports single,LEA SYMBOLS®optotypes surrounded with bars forpreschool-aged children (Vision in Preschoolers(VIP)Study Group,2009).If you are required to usestandard eye charts,however,national and international guidelines dictate how charts should bedesigned (Committee on Vision,1980;International Council of Ophthalmology,1984;World HealthOrganization,2003;&American National Standards Institute,Inc.,2010).  \nThe 6 guidelines are:  \n1.Optotypes should be of approximate equal legibility.\"Optotype\"is the name for the picture,symbol,letter,or number the child is to identify.Approximate equal legibility helps to preventguessing.  \n2.Each line on an eye chart should have the same number of optotypes.Some 11×14 charts mayhave fewer than 5 optotypes on the top two lines to fit a light box.This is acceptable;you areconcerned with lines 20/50 and below.  \n3.Horizontal spacing between optotypes should be equal tothe width of the optotypes on a line (red box).  \n4.Vertical spacing between lines should be the height of theoptotypes in the next line down(blue box).  \n5.The size of optotypes should progress down the chart by 0.1log units between rows(Figures 1 and 2).You should see20/32 instead of 20/30.Typically these charts are referred toas \"proportionally spaced\"in a catalog description.  \n6.Optotypes should be black on a white background with  \nluminance between 80 cd/m2 and 160 cd/m2-or 34.4 lux and 68.9 lux.  \nA line drawn outside the optotypes on an appropriate design would resemble an invertedpyramid instead of a rectangle.  \nNO  \n露  \n# Additional tips include:\n\n·Unless the chart is calibrated for 5 feet,charts for individuals from age 3 years through adulthoodwill be 10 feet from the chart to the individual's eyes,not 20 feet.  \n● You will see 20/32 instead of 20/30.  \n# References:\n\nAmerican National Standards Institute,Inc.(2010).American National Standard for Ophthalmics-  \nInstruments -General-Purpose Clinical Visual Acuity Charts.ANSI Z80.21-2010.Revision of ANSI  \nZ80.21-1992(R2004).Approved May 27,2010.  \nBailey,1.L.(2012).Perspective:Visual acuity-Keeping it clear.Optometry and Vision Science,89(9),  \n1247-1248.  \nCommittee on Vision.(1980).Recommended standard procedures for the clinical measurement andspecification of visual acuity.Report of working group 39.Assembly of Behavioral and SocialSciences,National Research Council,National Academy of Sciences,Washington,DC.Advances inOphthalmology,41,103-148.  \nInternational Council of Ophthalmology.(1984).Visual acuity measurement standard.Retrieved fromhttp://www.icoph.ora/dvnamic/attachments/resources/icovisualacuitv1984.pdf  \nVision in Preschoolers (VIP)Study Group.(2009).Findings from the Vision in Preschoolers (VIP)Study.Optometry and Vision Science,86(6),619-623.  \nWorld Health Organization.(2003).Consultation on development of standards for characterization ofvision loss and visual functioning.Retrieved fromhttp://whqlibdoc.who.int/hg/2003/WHO PBL 03.91.pdf","cbCaipwmtt0IW78V","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipwmtt0IW78V","pdf",1081435,"English","# Eye chart design impact\n## Six design guidelines\n## Additional tips\n## References","[{\"question\":\"Why does eye chart design affect the visual acuity results?\",\"answer\":\"The design of the eye chart significantly affects the visual acuity obtained during testing. Research and guidelines emphasize that chart features can change measurement outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the six core guidelines for an appropriate eye chart design?\",\"answer\":\"The document lists: approximately equal legibility of optotypes, the same number of optotypes per line, equal horizontal spacing matching optotype width, equal vertical spacing matching the next row optotype height, a 0.1 log-unit size progression between rows, and black optotypes on a white background within specified luminance ranges.\"},{\"question\":\"How far should participants be from the eye chart?\",\"answer\":\"Unless the chart is calibrated for 5 feet, individuals from age 3 through adulthood should be 10 feet from the chart to their eyes, not 20 feet. The chart proportion should reflect expected acuity results such as 20/32 instead of 20/30.\"}]","Tips for Appropriate Eye Chart Design | PDF",1791838797]