[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-detail-239182-en":53,"doc-seo-239182-105":74},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":54},{"doc_id":55,"user_id":56,"nickname":57,"user_avatar":58,"doc_module":9,"category_id":25,"category_name":26,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":60,"doc_content":61,"file_id":62,"file_url":63,"file_type":64,"file_size":65,"view_count":66,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":9,"language":67,"language_code":68,"site_id":69,"html_lang":68,"table_of_contents":70,"faqs":71,"seo_title":72,"seo_description":60,"update_tm":73,"read_time":4},239182,549758146520,"Patrick","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80002397d8c0411e94?_k=1775819394049821470","The Neural Basis of Parallel Individuation and Numerical Estimation","Research on numerical cognition using behavioral, neuroimaging, developmental, and cross-cultural methods supports two distinct systems for perceiving numerical quantity: a small-number system (1–3) and a large-number system (4+). Prior EEG findings report ERP N1 and later P2p signatures tied to numerical value and ratio changes. This study revises the design to reduce participant boredom, improve change detection via key-press targets, and examine ERP responses to within-range and crossover small–large distinctions (1–6).","| \u003Cbr>The Neural Basis of Parallel Individuation and Numerical Estimation\u003Cbr>Peter Gordon, Sungbong Kim, Mary Llenell Paz, Erin Reddick, Nancy Freedman, Adriel Brown, Michael Small, Jean Tang, Lucy Owen\u003Cbr>Columbia University, Teachers College ( [pgordon@tc.edu](pgordon@tc.edu) )\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>|  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Introduction Research on numerical cognition using behavioral, neuroimaging, developmental and cross-cultural methods, converges on the conclusion that there are two distinct systems for the perception of numerical quantity:\u003Cbr>1. A small-number system (1~3) invoking parallel individuation, object files, and “subitizing”\u003Cbr>2. A large-number system (4+) that is based on Weberian analog magnitude estimation\u003Cbr>Previous EEG research in numerical cognition:\u003Cbr>•Previous studies have found ERP N1 negativities associated with perception of numerical values in the posterior parietal-Occipital-Temporal (POT) region (Temple & Posner, 1998)\u003Cbr>•Hyde & Spelke (2009)employed a passive numerical viewing task to examine ERPs associated with ratio changes within the small number (1-2-3) and large number (8-16-24) range. Participants viewed 4 dot displays with the same number of dots (adaptation), followed by a test array with either the same number or a small vs. large ratio change. Changes remained within the small or large number sets. No changes crossed between small and large number values.\u003Cbr>Figure 1 Hyde and Spelke design: Only test trials are used for ERP analysis\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>•H&S examined test items that involved changes (or no change) following the adaptation phase. Within the small number range, the N1 ERP showed scaling of ERP magnitude with numerical quantity (see also Hyde & Wood, 2011) . That is, numerical value (1,2,3) correlated with N1 deflection. A later P2p positivity discriminated ratio changes within the large number range: 8 vs 16 vs 24 (but not the smaller range) \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Design Themes FIXING BOREDOM PROBLEMS IN DESIGN:\u003Cbr>•Participant boredom was a serious concern when replicating the H&S procedure. Many fell asleep most were bored, inattentive and unhappy\u003Cbr>•Instead of passive viewing of thousands of dot patterns, the task was to detect changes in the numerical value, and to press a key when such changes occurred. Number of trials between changes was varied between 3 and 5 so as to be unpredictable\u003Cbr>•At the end of the experiment, each participant was given a score of how many correct responses they got, and were given a reward of a lottery scratch off card for every 50 items they got correct. They were also updated on their score during breaks between testing blocks\u003Cbr>•We used data from both change trials and no change trials in the ERP analysis\u003Cbr>LOOKING FOR CATEGORICAL SMALL-LARGE DIFFERENCES WITHIN A NARROWER RANGE (1 to 6)\u003Cbr>•The H&S experiment examined difference that occurred between small and large set sizes that were perceptually distinct with a large gap between the small and large number ranges, differences in dot sizes etc. (see Figure 1)\u003Cbr>•We wanted to examine the small-large distinction within a narrower continuous range of 1 to 6, to see if there was a clear categorical boundary between small and large number response\u003Cbr>•We wanted to see if there was a distinct ERP response pattern when changes crossed over between small (1-3) and large(4-6) set sizes as compared to responses to within set changes. | \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Design and Procedure\u003Cbr>Figure 2 Revised Design of Present Study\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>3 to 5 items presented Habitation/Adaptation Same Number (1-6)\u003Cbr>One item presented as target: No change, Change within, Change Crossover. Reward for correct responses\u003Cbr>Basic Design Elements:\u003Cbr>• Same numerical value presented on 3-5 trials.\u003Cbr>• Followed by Target:\u003Cbr>• A: Same Number\u003Cbr>• B: Change within small or large sets (e.g., 3-2, 1-3, 6-5)\u003Cbr>• C: Cross-over between S/L (e.g., 2-4, 1-5, 6-2)\u003Cbr>• Analyses will examine ERPs associated with Habituation/Adaptation trials to different n","cbCaidECpqQZRgUA","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidECpqQZRgUA","pdf",765400,4,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Two numerical systems\n# Design and Procedure\n## Revised task to reduce boredom\n## Within-set and crossover conditions\n# EEG Data Acquisition and Processing\n## Recording and filtering\n## Epoching and artifact rejection\n# ROI and Participants\n## Montage and ERP time windows\n## Participants and results (overview)","[{\"question\":\"What two numerical perception systems are discussed in the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study describes a small-number system (1–3) linked to parallel individuation and subitizing, and a large-number system (4+) based on Weberian analog magnitude estimation.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the revised design differ from earlier passive dot-viewing tasks?\",\"answer\":\"Instead of passively viewing many dot patterns, participants detect changes in numerical value and press a key when changes occur, with trial intervals varied to be unpredictable and rewards for correct responses.\"},{\"question\":\"What ERP differences are examined across small-to-large distinctions?\",\"answer\":\"ERPs are analyzed for conditions within small, within large, and crossovers between small (1–3) and large (4–6), with emphasis on early components such as N170 and later components based on defined time windows and ROI electrodes.\"}]","The Neural Basis of Parallel Individuation and Numerical Estimation | PDF",1789144883,{"code":4,"msg":75,"data":76},"ok",{"site_id":69,"language":68,"slug":77,"title":59,"keywords":78,"description":60,"schema_data":79,"social_meta":134,"head_meta":136,"extra_data":138,"updated_unix":139},"the-neural-basis-of-parallel-individuation-and-numerical-estimation","",{"@graph":80,"@context":133},[81,96,116],{"@type":82,"itemListElement":83},"BreadcrumbList",[84,88,91,94],{"item":85,"name":86,"@type":87,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":89,"name":10,"@type":87,"position":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":92,"name":26,"@type":87,"position":93},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/posters/",3,{"item":95,"name":59,"@type":87,"position":66},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/the-neural-basis-of-parallel-individuation-and-numerical-estimation/239182/",{"url":95,"name":59,"@type":97,"image":98,"author":103,"headline":59,"publisher":105,"fileFormat":108,"inLanguage":68,"description":60,"dateModified":109,"datePublished":110,"encodingFormat":108,"isAccessibleForFree":111,"interactionStatistic":112},"DigitalDocument",{"url":99,"@type":100,"width":101,"height":102},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-neural-basis-of-parallel-individuation-and-numerical-estimation/239182.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":57,"@type":104},"Person",{"url":85,"name":106,"@type":107},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-16","2026-09-11",true,{"@type":113,"interactionType":114,"userInteractionCount":66},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":115},"ViewAction",{"@type":117,"mainEntity":118},"FAQPage",[119,125,129],{"name":120,"@type":121,"acceptedAnswer":122},"What two numerical perception systems are discussed in the study?","Question",{"text":123,"@type":124},"The study describes a small-number system (1–3) linked to parallel individuation and subitizing, and a large-number system (4+) based on Weberian analog magnitude estimation.","Answer",{"name":126,"@type":121,"acceptedAnswer":127},"How does the revised design differ from earlier passive dot-viewing tasks?",{"text":128,"@type":124},"Instead of passively viewing many dot patterns, participants detect changes in numerical value and press a key when changes occur, with trial intervals varied to be unpredictable and rewards for correct responses.",{"name":130,"@type":121,"acceptedAnswer":131},"What ERP differences are examined across small-to-large distinctions?",{"text":132,"@type":124},"ERPs are analyzed for conditions within small, within large, and crossovers between small (1–3) and large (4–6), with emphasis on early components such as N170 and later components based on defined time windows and ROI electrodes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":95,"og:type":135,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":106,"og:description":60},"article",{"robots":137,"canonical":95},"index,follow",{"doc_id":55,"site_id":69},1792086086]