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The guide outlines substantive objections such as relevance, unfair prejudice, lack of foundation, hearsay and key hearsay exceptions, character evidence limits, lack of personal knowledge, improper lay opinion, authenticity, self-authentication, best evidence rules, and privilege categories. It also covers objections to form of question and answer, including leading, compound, vague, argumentative, narrative, asked-and-answered, cumulative, speculation, and scope limits, plus guidance on making objections in court.",{"@graph":63,"@context":112},[64,80,95],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":41,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/letters/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/texas-young-lawyers-association-objections-cheat-sheet-evidence-guide/573125/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"author":82,"headline":59,"publisher":85,"fileFormat":88,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":89,"datePublished":89,"encodingFormat":88,"isAccessibleForFree":90,"interactionStatistic":91},"DigitalDocument",{"name":83,"@type":84},"Aldword","Person",{"url":68,"name":86,"@type":87},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-13",true,{"@type":92,"interactionType":93,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":94},"ViewAction",{"@type":96,"mainEntity":97},"FAQPage",[98,104,108],{"name":99,"@type":100,"acceptedAnswer":101},"What is the purpose of making an objection when evidence is offered?","Question",{"text":102,"@type":103},"Objections must be made at the time evidence is offered, not after it is received. 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All rights reserved. No part of these materials may be reproduced in any form or for anyother purpose without the written consent of the Texas Young Lawyers Association.  \nDisclaimer: This guide is intended as an overview & not as a substitute to reading the actual rules or case law regarding the Texas Rules of Evidence, Texas Rules of Civil Procedure, & the Local Rules. This guide does not cover all materials, just some of the most common a young attorney is likely to encounter. As always, attorneys should read & interpret the applicable rules & case law to ensure complete compliance.  \nT E X A S Y O U N G L A W Y E R S A S S O C I A T I O N  \nOBJECTIONS CHEAT SHEET  \nSUBSTANTIVE OBJECTIONS  \n• RELEVANCE (401 & 402): Does not make any fact of consequence more or less probable.  \n• UNFAIR PREJUDICE (403): Probative value is outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice.  \n• LACK OF FOUNDATION: Cannot admit or elicit evidence without first demonstrating the factual or legal basis for admissibility. See Predicates Section.  \n• HEARSAY (801): An out of court statement offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted in the statement.  \n􀀁 COMMON HEARSAY EXCEPTIONS (803-804):  \nn Present Sense Impression  \nn Excited Utterance  \nn State of Mind  \nn Medical Diagnosis/Treatment  \nn Recollection Recorded  \nn Business & Public Records (or absence of )  \nn Reputation as to Character  \nn Statement Against Interest  \nn Prior Testimony (Witness (W) Unavailable)  \nn Dying Declaration (W Unavailable)  \n􀀁 NOT HEARSAY (801):  \nn Depositions  \nn Opposing Party Statements  \n• IMPROPER CHARACTER EVIDENCE (404): Evidence of a person's character or trait is not admissible to prove that on a particular occasion the person acted in accordance with the character or trait, except certain bad acts (404), convictions (609), & truthfulness (608) .  \n• LACK OF PERSONAL KNOWLEDGE (602)  \n• IMPROPER LAY OPINION (701): Lay Ws can’t testify as to opinions, conclusions or inferences  \n• AUTHENTICITY (901): Exhibits must be authenticated before they may be admitted.  \n􀀁 SELF-AUTHENTICATING DOCUMENTS (902)  \nn Deposition Transcripts.  \nn Business Records Accompanied by Affidavit  \nn Certified Public Records  \nn Newspapers, Periodicals, Trade Materials, & Official Publications  \n• BEST EVIDENCE (1001-1003): Copies, or secondary evidence of writings, cannot be admitted into evidence unless the absence of the original can be explained (duplicates that accurately reproduce the original are acceptable)  \n• PRIVILEGES (501-13): Absent an exception or waiver, excludes otherwise admissible evidence because of a special relationship.  \n1  \n􀀁 COMMON PRIVILEGES:  \nn Attorney-Client (503)  \nn Attorney Work Product (TRCP 192.5)  \nn Self-Incrimination (U.S. Const. V)  \nn Physician-Patient (509 & TOC Ch. 159)  \nn Mental Health Information (510 & THSC Ch. 611)  \nn Alternative Dispute Resolution/Mediations (408, Gov’t Code § 2009.054(b)(1)  \nn Spousal Privilege (504) & Clergy Privilege (505)  \nn Law Enforcement (Tex. Gov’t Code § 552. 108(c)) PROOF OF NEGLIGENCE/LIABILITY: Cannot offer the following as proof a person acted negligently: Liability Insurance (411); Subsequent Remedial Measures (407); or, Settlement Offers (408) .  \nOBJECTIONS TO FORM OF QUESTION (Q) (611)  \n• LEADING: Made on direct examination, Q suggests its own A (esp. a Q that can be answered Y/N or asking W to agree with a statement) .  \n• COMPOUND: A question that asks more than one thing.  \n• VAGUE: Qis imprecise, incomprehensible, or ambiguous.  \n• ARGUMENTATIVE: Q asks the W to accept the examiner’s summary, argument, inference, or conclusion rather than a fact.  \n• NARRATIVE: Q asks W to tell a story rather than state specific facts (e.g.“what happened on X day?”) .  \n• ASKED & ANSWERED: Q has been previously ","cbCaimhFrl3Pw7Tg","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimhFrl3Pw7Tg","pdf",298600,"English","# Evidence Guide\n## Making an Objection\n## Substantive Objections\n## Objections to Form of Question and Answer\n## Relaxed Rules","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of making an objection when evidence is offered?\",\"answer\":\"Objections must be made at the time evidence is offered, not after it is received. The guide emphasizes deciding whether the evidence harms, helps, or does neither before objecting.\"},{\"question\":\"Which substantive objections are commonly listed in the cheat sheet?\",\"answer\":\"The cheat sheet includes relevance, unfair prejudice, lack of foundation, hearsay, improper character evidence, lack of personal knowledge, improper lay opinion, authenticity, best evidence, and privileges.\"},{\"question\":\"What objections to the form of a question (Q) does the guide cover?\",\"answer\":\"It covers leading, compound, vague, argumentative, narrative, asked-and-answered, cumulative/repetitious, assumes facts not in evidence, speculation, and questions beyond scope of re-cross/re-direct.\"}]","TEXAS YOUNG LAWYERS ASSOCIATION - OBJECTIONS CHEAT SHEET - Evidence Guide | PDF"]