[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-563259-105":53,"doc-detail-563259-en":126},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":119,"head_meta":121,"extra_data":123,"updated_unix":125},105,"en","stop-the-suffering-treatment-options-for-chronic-pain","Stop the Suffering - Treatment Options for Chronic Pain","","Explains chronic pain as a welfare and quality-of-life crisis driven by sympathoadrenal and neuroendocrine pathways, neuroplasticity, and central nervous system changes that persist beyond tissue healing. Defines acute pain as protective and adaptive, contrasting it with maladaptive chronic pain lacking biological purpose and often poorly responsive to conventional analgesics. Describes common causes such as osteoarthritis and cancer, highlights early identification and multimodal weight-loss-focused therapy, and reviews evidence-based analgesic options including NSAIDs and anti-NGF monoclonal antibodies.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/stop-the-suffering-treatment-options-for-chronic-pain/563259/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/stop-the-suffering-treatment-options-for-chronic-pain/563259.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"dbqoiu","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-26","2026-10-12",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":47},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"What biological changes distinguish acute pain from chronic pain?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"Acute pain is largely protective and adaptive, while chronic pain results from neuroplastic changes in the central nervous system that continue after tissue healing. With chronic pain there is no healing tissue left to “protect,” so it is considered pathologic or maladaptive pain.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What are the main causes of chronic pain in dogs and cats?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"Osteoarthritis (or degenerative joint disease) is the main cause, with cancer as the second leading cause. Un- or undertreated acute pain can also progress to chronic pain, and OA prevalence is substantial in aged animals.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which treatment options are described for chronic pain and what is the role of anti-NGF mAbs?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"The most predictable drugs are NSAIDs and anti-nerve growth factor monoclonal antibodies (antiNGF-mAbs). NGF drives peripheral and central sensitization by binding Trk-A receptors, and anti-NGF mAbs are presented as effective with minimal adverse effects for osteoarthritis pain.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},563259,1792092558,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":47,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":140,"read_time":76},3985747862462,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","Stop the Suffering: Treatment Options for Chronic Pain  \nTamara Grubb DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVAA  \nPresident Elect, International Veterinary Academy of Pain Management  \nPain causes a myriad of adverse health effects mediated by the sympathoadrenal and neuroendocrine systems. Pain causes welfare concerns and impaired quality of life, like anorexia and insomnia, and behavior changes like fear/anxiety/stress and even aggression. Behavior changes can negatively impact the human-animal bond, which is a travesty for both the human and the pet and may cause loss of the client from the veterinary clinic. In addition, neuroplasticity (peripheral and central sensitization) leading to a continual worsening of pain is likely with un-or under-treated pain. Acute pain is largely protective and a normal survival process that ‘protects’ from injury or ongoing tissue damage. Acute pain is also called ‘physiologic’ or ‘adaptive’. However, the neuroplastic changes from un-or undertreated acute pain can result in chronic pain. Because of pathophysiologic changes in the central nervous system, chronic pain can continue long after tissue healing. Since there is no longer healing tissue to ‘protect’, chronic pain serves ‘no biological purpose’ and is called ‘pathologic’ or ‘maladaptive’ pain. Chronic pain can be difficult to treat and poorly responsive to conventional analgesic therapy. Chronic pain should be considered a terminal disease as inability to control pain is a major contributor to euthanasia.  \nCauses of chronic pain: As is the case in human medicine, osteoarthritis (OA) or degenerative joint disease (DJD) is the main cause of chronic pain in dogs and cats. Cancer is the second leading cause. As mentioned, un-or undertreated acute pain can also lead to chronic pain. Based on the population of aged dogs, it is estimated that 2 in 5 (40%) adult dogs are likely to have some form of OA. Based on radiographic evidence, 22% of the general cat population (Godfrey 2005) and 90% of cats over 12 years old (Hardie EM, et al. 2002) may have OA. In dogs, large-breed, high-level of activity, age > 7 years and obesity are all risk-factors for development of OA. Weight loss is an important part of therapy! Current evidence in cats only links geriatric age as a risk factor, but obesity may play a role in degree of pain. If diagnosed after the disease has become moderate to severe, the disease is more complex and multimodal therapy will likely be required and even aggressive therapy may not completely eliminate all pain. Thus, it is imperative that we promote identification of OA early in the disease process by emphasizing the signs of OA pain to our clients and to our staff members who may be involved inpatient physical examinations and/or pain-related discussions with pet owners.  \nAnalgesic drugs: According to the new AAHA Pain Management Guidelines for dogs and cats (Gruen et al. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2022 Mar 1;58(2):55-76; [https://www.aaha.org/aaha-guidelines/2022-aaha](https://www.aaha.org/aaha-guidelines/2022-aaha)pain-management-guidelines-for-dogs-and-cats/home/), the most predictable and profoundly effective drugs for treatment of chronic pain in dogs and cats are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and anti-nerve growth factor monoclonal antibodies (antiNGF-mAbs) .  \nAntiNGF-mAbs: Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a potent pain generator and propagator, perhaps even more potent than prostaglandin. Nerve growth factor (NGF) binds to tropomyosin receptor kinase A (Trk-A) receptors on peripheral nerve endings, resulting in nociceptor depolarization and the potential for peripheral sensitization. NGF also binds to Trk-A receptors on pro-inflammatory cells like mast cells, resulting in the release of more inflammatory mediators which contribute to the development of peripheral sensitization. In addition, the NGF-TrkA complex is transported to the cell body in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), where it modulates or increases expression of other r","cbCainWKBUhZAKIM","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainWKBUhZAKIM","pdf",300131,9,"English","# Stop the Suffering: Treatment Options for Chronic Pain\n## Pain mechanisms and why chronic pain persists\n## Causes of chronic pain\n## Analgesic drugs and evidence-based options\n## AntiNGF monoclonal antibodies","[{\"question\":\"What biological changes distinguish acute pain from chronic pain?\",\"answer\":\"Acute pain is largely protective and adaptive, while chronic pain results from neuroplastic changes in the central nervous system that continue after tissue healing. With chronic pain there is no healing tissue left to “protect,” so it is considered pathologic or maladaptive pain.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main causes of chronic pain in dogs and cats?\",\"answer\":\"Osteoarthritis (or degenerative joint disease) is the main cause, with cancer as the second leading cause. Un- or undertreated acute pain can also progress to chronic pain, and OA prevalence is substantial in aged animals.\"},{\"question\":\"Which treatment options are described for chronic pain and what is the role of anti-NGF mAbs?\",\"answer\":\"The most predictable drugs are NSAIDs and anti-nerve growth factor monoclonal antibodies (antiNGF-mAbs). NGF drives peripheral and central sensitization by binding Trk-A receptors, and anti-NGF mAbs are presented as effective with minimal adverse effects for osteoarthritis pain.\"}]","Stop the Suffering - Treatment Options for Chronic Pain | PDF",1791823935]