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It references the Jeddah Convention (1982) and subsequent establishment of the PERSGA secretariat in 1995, and describes environmental pressures from population growth and economic expansion. The report draws on data, surveys, and activities conducted through 1996–2005 as part of the Strategic Action Programme, with stated legal and citation notes for educational use.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/state-of-the-marine-environment-report-for-the-red-sea-and-gulf-of-aden-2006/564591/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/state-of-the-marine-environment-report-for-the-red-sea-and-gulf-of-aden-2006/564591.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Valentina","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-10-12",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":79},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"What organization prepared the 2006 report and under what framework?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"The document was prepared under a consultancy for PERSGA, with its direct cooperation and supervision, based on data collected through surveys and activities during preparation and implementation of the Strategic Action Programme for 1996–2005.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Which legal instrument provides the foundation for PERSGA’s work?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"The Regional Convention for the Conservation of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Environment (Jeddah Convention) of 1982 provides the legal foundation for PERSGA.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What major environmental pressures are highlighted for the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden region?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"The text highlights increased pressure from human population growth in coastal areas and rapid economic growth, including destruction of coastal ecosystems and disposal of industrial and domestic wastes into the marine environment.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},564591,1792682794,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":79,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":140,"read_time":141},13056703020460,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253dac470eee5d?_k=1778207105932848923","STATE OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT  \nREPORT FOR THE RED SEA AND GULF OF ADEN: 2006  \nRegional Organization for the Conservation of the Environment of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden  \nPERSGA – “The Regional Organization for the Conservation of the Environment of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden” is an intergovernmental organization dedicated to the conservation of the coastal and marine environments in the region.  \nThe Regional Convention for the Conservation of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Environment (Jeddah Convention) 1982 provides the legal foundation for PERSGA. The Secretariat of the Organization was formally established in Jeddah following the Cairo Declaration of September 1995. The PERSGA member states are Djibouti, Egypt, Jordan, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, and Yemen.  \nPERSGA, P.O. Box 53662, Jeddah 21583, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia  \nTel.: +966-2-657-3224. Fax: +966-2-652-1901. E-mail: [information@persga.org](information@persga.org)  \nUnder a consultancy for PERSGA, and its direct cooperation and supervision, this document was prepared by:  \nDr William Gladstone  \nSchool of Environmental and Life Sciences  \nUniversity of Newcastle  \nP.O. Box 127, Ourimbah NSW 2258, Australia  \n[Email: William.Gladstone@newcastle.edu.au](Email: William.Gladstone@newcastle.edu.au)  \nCaptain Roy Facey  \nPort Development Adviser, Yemen Ports Authority,  \nAden, Republic of Yemen  \nEmail: [royafacey@yahoo.co.uk](royafacey@yahoo.co.uk)  \nDr Khaled Hariri  \nPresident, Hariri and Associates  \nEnvironment and Natural Resources Management Consultants  \nSana’a, Republic of Yemen  \nEmail: [kwahari@y.net.ye](kwahari@y.net.ye)  \nFirst edition by Dr William Gladstone  \nCoordination and follow-up by Dr Dirar Nasr  \nThis report is based on the data collected, results and analysis of the surveys and various activities carried out by PERSGA and its member states during the preparation and implementation of the Strategic Action Programme for the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden (1996-2005) .  \n© PERSGA 2006  \nThe presentation of the material in the document does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of PERSGA concerning the legal status of any state or its authorities, or concerning the delimitations of its boundaries. The document contains the views expressed by the authors acting in their individual capacity and may not necessarily reflect the views of PERSGA.  \nThis publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or nonprofit purposes provided that acknowledgement of the source is given. PERSGA would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this material as a source.  \nThis publication may not be copied, or distributed electronically, for resale or other commercial purposes without prior permission, in writing, from PERSGA.  \nPrinted in Saudi Arabia.  \nFor bibliographic purposes this publication may be cited as: PERSGA. 2006. State of the Marine Environment, Report for the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. PERSGA, Jeddah.  \nii STATE OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT  \nREPORT FORTHE RED SEA AND GULF OF ADEN: 2006  \nForeword  \nTwenty five years ago, the Jeddah Convention (1982), its Marine Emergency Protocol and the Action Plan were signed by the Arab countries bordering the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. In accordance with this Convention the Regional Organization for the Conservation of the Environment of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden (PERSGA) was established in 1995 as a secretariat for the Convention.  \nPERSGA has played a key role in addressing various threats facing this unique region. Increase in human population in coastal areas and the rapid rise in economic growth has resulted in considerable pressure on the environment including destruction of coastal ecosystems through land-filling and dredging, and the disposal of industrial and domestic wastes into the marine environment.  \nThe Council of Arab Ministers Responsible for Environmental Affairs (CAMRE) was established in 1987 to enhance coopera","cbCaiefajVykKvyI","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiefajVykKvyI","pdf",9482733,260,"English","# Foreword\n## Marine threats and regional cooperation\n# Preface\n## Unique coastal and marine environments","[{\"question\":\"What organization prepared the 2006 report and under what framework?\",\"answer\":\"The document was prepared under a consultancy for PERSGA, with its direct cooperation and supervision, based on data collected through surveys and activities during preparation and implementation of the Strategic Action Programme for 1996–2005.\"},{\"question\":\"Which legal instrument provides the foundation for PERSGA’s work?\",\"answer\":\"The Regional Convention for the Conservation of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Environment (Jeddah Convention) of 1982 provides the legal foundation for PERSGA.\"},{\"question\":\"What major environmental pressures are highlighted for the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden region?\",\"answer\":\"The text highlights increased pressure from human population growth in coastal areas and rapid economic growth, including destruction of coastal ecosystems and disposal of industrial and domestic wastes into the marine environment.\"}]","State of the Marine Environment - Report for the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden: 2006 | PDF",1791843060,91]