[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-188919-en":3,"doc-seo-188919-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":11,"category_id":12,"category_name":13,"doc_title":14,"doc_description":15,"doc_content":16,"file_id":17,"file_url":18,"file_type":19,"file_size":20,"view_count":11,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":11,"is_downloadable":11,"audit_status":11,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":15,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},188919,962088006270,"eBook King","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45",1,158,"General","Sleep Behavior Changes During Ramadan in Fasting and Nonfasting Individuals","Assessment of Ramadan-related lifestyle changes on sleep and chronotype compared across fasting Saudis, fasting non-Saudis, and nonfasting non-Saudis. Participants completed questionnaires one week before Ramadan, during the first week, and during the third week in Riyadh. Total sleep time and daytime sleepiness remained unchanged across all groups. In fasting groups, bedtime and wake-up time delayed, meal frequency decreased, and morningness/eveningness shifted toward evening types. In the nonfasting group, bedtime delayed without a comparable chronotype shift.","| ABSTRACT |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| Objective: Sleep changes during Ramadan in nonfasting individuals have not been assessed before. We aimed to assess the effect of the attending lifestyle changes during Ramadan on sleep behavior and chronotype in fasting and nonfasting individuals.\u003Cbr>Methods: Participants completed predesigned questionnaires to assess sleep patterns, daytime sleepiness, meal habits, and chronotype one week before Ramadan (BL) and during the first week (R1) and third week (R3) of Ramadan 1424 (Hijra) (between October 26 and November 15, 2003) . Participants were divided into to 3 groups: fasting Saudis (SF), fasting non-Saudis (NSF), and non-fasting non-Saudis (NF) . The study was conducted in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.\u003Cbr>Results: Complete data were available on 41 subjects in the SF group, 30 in the NSF, and 30 in the NF group. There was no changes in total sleep time or daytime | sleepiness in all 3 groups. In the fasting groups (SF and NSF), bedtime and wake-up time were delayed significantly at R1 and R3 compared to BL, the frequency of meals decreased significantly during Ramadan, and morningness/eveningness test showed an increase in the evening types during Ramadan. In the NF group, bedtime was delayed significantly during Ramadan, and morningness/eveningness test showed an increase in neither types and reduction in the morning types during Ramadan.\u003Cbr>Conclusions: Sleep behavior changes during Ramadan in nonfasting participants indicate that the attendant lifestyle changes during Ramadan have a significant effect on sleep behavior. Factors other than fasting may play an important role in modifying an individual’s behavior during Ramadan.\u003Cbr>Saudi Med J 2005; Vol. 26 (4): 616-622 |\n| R amamusanrefsaitnhrmomontetiugringandwhdriichnkiMngumoms dawn to sunset. Fasting during Ramadan is one of the 5 major rules of Islam. Adults who are ill or traveling and women who are breast-feeding or menstruating are temporarily exempt from complying with these regulations. Ramadan occurs in the ninth month of the lunar (Hijra) calendar, and lasts between 29 and 30 days. The lunar calendar does not correspond to the Gregorian calendar, as | the lunar (Hijra) year contains 354 days, such as the lunar year is 11 days shorter than the year using Gregorian months, and hence Ramadan occurs indifferent seasons. This results in variations in the duration of the daily fasting time, being longer in summer than in winter, which necessitates the need for documenting the time of dawn and sunset in research related to Ramadan. Ramadan fasting is distinct from regular voluntary or experimental fasting by limiting the period of fasting to daylight |\n\n\n| Group | SF\u003Cbr>(n=41) | NSF\u003Cbr>(n=30) | NF\u003Cbr>(n=30) | p value |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Age (years) | 32.6 ± 1.5 | 29.3 ± 1.6 | 31.5 ± 2.3 | NS |\n| Males (%) | 25 (61) | 17 (56) | 19 (64) | NS |\n| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.7 ± 1.01 | 26.4 ± 1.1 | 27.6 ± 2.1 | NS |\n| SF-fasting Saudis, NSF-fasting non-Saudis, NF-non-fasting non-Saudis, NS-non-significant, BMI-body mass index |  |  |  |  |\n\n| Sleep patterns | BL | R1 | R3 | p value |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Bedtime (minute) | 00:36 ± 14 | 02:06 ± 16* | 02:36 ± 19* | ≤0.001 |\n| Wake-up time (minute) | 06:36 ± 13 | 08:36 ± 8* | 08:48 ± 9* | ≤0.001 |\n| TST (hours) | 6.07 ± 0.3 | 6.4 ± 0.3 | 6.3 ± 0.36 | 0.806 |\n| TST + nap (hours) | 7.02 ± 0.34 | 6.9 ± 0.3 | 7.2 ± 0.35 | NS |\n| Time of nap (minute) | 15:06 ± 18 | 16:18 ± 42* | 15:18 ± 16 | 0.04 |\n| Duration of nap (minute) | 103.4± 10.8 | 97.5 ± 14.4 | 120.16 ± 22.9 | NS |\n| Time of main meal | 16:12 ± 38 | 20:06 ± 37* | 19:54 ± 61* | ≤0.001 |\n| ESS | 4.6 ± 0.47 | 4.9 ± 0.46 | 4.5 ± 0.52 | NS |\n| Number of meals | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 2.1 ± 0.5* | 2.1 ± 0.5* | ≤0.001 |\n| Number of cups of tea | 2.4 ± 0.25 | 2.66 ± 0.29 | 2.55 ± 0.3 | NS |\n| Number of cups of coffee | 2.5 ± 0.38 | 2.4 ± 0.35 | 2.15 ± 0.37 | NS |\n| *The difference is statistically significant compared to baseline. TST-t","cbCaikn76PDA4V2y","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikn76PDA4V2y","pdf",69464,7,"English","en",105,"# Background\n## Ramadan fasting and daily schedule variation\n# Study Methods\n## Questionnaire timing and participant groups\n# Study Results\n## Sleep time and daytime sleepiness\n## Bedtime, wake-up time, meals, and chronotype\n# Conclusions","[{\"question\":\"How were participants grouped in the Ramadan sleep study?\",\"answer\":\"Participants were divided into three groups: fasting Saudis (SF), fasting non-Saudis (NSF), and non-fasting non-Saudis (NF).\"},{\"question\":\"Did Ramadan change total sleep time or daytime sleepiness?\",\"answer\":\"No. Total sleep time and daytime sleepiness showed no significant change in all three groups.\"},{\"question\":\"What sleep schedule changes occurred in fasting groups during Ramadan?\",\"answer\":\"In the fasting groups, bedtime and wake-up time were significantly delayed during both the first and third weeks of Ramadan compared with baseline, and meal frequency decreased.\"}]","Sleep Behavior Changes During Ramadan in Fasting and Nonfasting Individuals | PDF",1788393124,3,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":14,"keywords":34,"description":15,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"sleep-behavior-changes-during-ramadan-in-fasting-and-nonfasting-individuals","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":11},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/","Template",2,{"item":49,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":29},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",{"item":51,"name":14,"@type":43,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/sleep-behavior-changes-during-ramadan-in-fasting-and-nonfasting-individuals/188919/",4,{"url":51,"name":14,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":14,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":23,"description":15,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-05","2026-09-02",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":47},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"How were participants grouped in the Ramadan sleep study?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Participants were divided into three groups: fasting Saudis (SF), fasting non-Saudis (NSF), and non-fasting non-Saudis (NF).","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"Did Ramadan change total sleep time or daytime sleepiness?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"No. Total sleep time and daytime sleepiness showed no significant change in all three groups.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What sleep schedule changes occurred in fasting groups during Ramadan?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"In the fasting groups, bedtime and wake-up time were significantly delayed during both the first and third weeks of Ramadan compared with baseline, and meal frequency decreased.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":87,"og:title":14,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":15},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,98,103,108,113,118,123,128,133],{"id":94,"doc_module":11,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},11,"Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":99,"doc_module":11,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":100,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":104,"doc_module":11,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":105,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":107},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":109,"doc_module":11,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":110,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":112},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":114,"doc_module":11,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":115,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":119,"doc_module":11,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":124,"doc_module":11,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":129,"doc_module":11,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":132},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":12,"doc_module":11,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":13,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":134},"general-158"]