[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-563136-105":53,"doc-detail-563136-en":127},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":120,"head_meta":122,"extra_data":124,"updated_unix":126},105,"en","skf-steel-and-heat-treatment-solutions","SKF steel and heat treatment solutions","","SKF steel and heat treatment solutions brochure providing an overview of common bearing steel grades and the corresponding heat-treatment routes. It explains why the long-established classic 1% carbon, 1.5% chromium bearing steel (Grade 3) remains widely used, then outlines when enhanced properties are needed. The brochure organizes content into equivalent steel tables, hardening-process characteristics, typical application conditions (fatigue, corrosion, elevated temperature), and steel-grade/heat-treatment combination examples with relative performance radar plots.",{"@graph":63,"@context":119},[64,80,102],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/skf-steel-and-heat-treatment-solutions/563136/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/skf-steel-and-heat-treatment-solutions/563136.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Himbo","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-24","2026-10-12",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":101},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",8,{"@type":103,"mainEntity":104},"FAQPage",[105,111,115],{"name":106,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":108},"What does the brochure cover about SKF steels and heat treatments?","Question",{"text":109,"@type":110},"It provides an overview of common steel grades and hardening heat-treatment solutions used by SKF, linking each solution to strengths and likely application conditions.","Answer",{"name":112,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":113},"How are hardening heat treatments grouped in the brochure?",{"text":114,"@type":110},"They are divided into through hardening and surface hardening. Through hardening produces homogeneous microstructures across the component, while surface hardening creates a hardness profile from surface to core.",{"name":116,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Why is the SKF Grade 3 bearing steel commonly used, and when is improvement needed?",{"text":118,"@type":110},"Grade 3 is valued for availability, ease of manufacture, and good bearing performance under rolling contact fatigue. For certain application conditions, improved properties can be achieved by adjusting heat treatment or using alternative steel/heat-treatment combinations.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":121,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":123,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":125,"site_id":56},563136,1792089734,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":128},{"doc_id":125,"user_id":129,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":130,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":131,"file_id":132,"file_url":133,"file_type":134,"file_size":135,"view_count":101,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":136,"language":137,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":138,"faqs":139,"seo_title":140,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":141,"read_time":8},687197100911,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000239b6f1da00475?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1785132997149421697","SKF steel and heat treatment solutions  \n2  \nContents  \nSKF steel and heat treatment solutions 4  \nTable of equivalent steel  \ncompositions 5  \nHardening heat treatments 6  \nSubsurface fatigue 7  \nSurface fatigue 8  \nStructural fatigue 9  \nCorrosion 10  \nElevated temperatures 11  \nPremature bearing failure 12  \nSustainability 13  \nSolutions 14  \nThrough-hardening  \nbearing steels 14  \nMartensite SN 14  \nMartensite S0/S1 15  \nBainite 16  \nBainite Grade 7P 17  \nGrade 3M 18  \nCarbonitrided 19  \nSurface hardening bearing steels 20  \nCarburised 20  \nCase carbonitrided 21  \nSurface induction hardened 22  \nCarbon steels 22  \nAlloyed steels 23  \nStainless bearing steels 24  \nStainless steels 24  \nHigh nitrogen stainless steels 25  \nSecondary hardened steels 26  \nM50 26  \nM50NiL 27  \n32CDV13 (AMS 6481) 28  \nPM M62 29  \nSKF steel and heat treatment solutions  \nThis brochure gives an overview of the most common steel and heat treatment solutions used by SKF The purpose of this brochure is to illustrate the particular strengths of each solution and to indicate the likely application conditions where they could be used  \nThe classic 1% carbon 1,5% chromium bearing steel, called Grade 3 by SKF, has existed for over 100 years The reason for its longevity is due to the attractive combination of availability, ease of manufacture and good bearing performance in conditions involving rolling contact fatigue Despite this, for certain application conditions, there is a need for improved properties These improvements can be achieved by altering the heat treatment process for the Grade 3 steel or by employing alternative steel and heat treatment combinations As a result, SKF has a broad portfolio of steel and heat treatment solutions which are described in this brochure Note that advice from materials experts must besought when selecting solutions as there are additional factors related to economics, geography and supply logistics which are not covered in this overview  \nThe first section is a table showing the common names used for some SKF steel grades and the equivalent steel designations  \nThe second section gives a brief description of the characteristics of the hardening heat treatment processes most commonly used by SKF  \nThe third section focuses on the most commonly encountered application conditions and illustrates that there is more than one potential steel and heat treatment solution for each condition  \nThe fourth section describes the steel and heat treatment combinations For each combination, a specific steel grade is given as an example However, this does not exclude other steel grades from being used  \nFor each solution, a radar plot shows the relative performance, as indicated in the example below  \n• Sub-surface initiated fatigue  \n– High load, full film lubrication  \n• Surface initiated fatigue  \n– Thin film lubrication  \n– Particle contaminated lubrication  \n• Structural fatigue  \n– High interference fits  \n– Bending due to flexible housings  \n• Corrosion  \n• Elevated temperature  \nSubsurface  \nVariant 1  \nVariant 2  \nTemperature Surface  \nCorrosion Structural  \nA specific steel grade will be used for the actual radar plots  \nTable of equivalent steel compositions  \nSKF designation  \nComparable steel designation (composition)  \nCommon SKF name(s)  \nThrough hardening steels  \nGrade 3  \nGrade 24  \nGrade 4  \nGrade 5  \nGrade 6  \nGrade 7  \nSurface hardening steels  \nGrade 152  \nGrade 157  \nGrade 159  \nGrade 236  \nGrade 170  \nGrade 255  \nGrade 55LS  \nGrade 70LS  \nGrade 50  \nStainless steels  \nGrade 307  \nGrade 306  \nSecondary hardening steels  \nGrade 400  \nGrade 401  \nPowder metallurgy steels  \nGrade PM62  \n100Cr6, 52100, SUJ2, GCr15, 1 3505 100CrMo7, 1 3537  \n100CrMnSi6-4, 1 3520 100CrMo7-3, 1 3536  \n100CrMo7-4, 1 3538  \n100CrMnMoSi8-4-6, 1 3539  \n20MnNiCrMo3-2, 8620H, 1 6522 20NiCrMo7, 4320H, 1 3576 18CrNiMo7-6, 1 6587 19MnCr5  \n8219  \n18NiCrMo14-6, 1 3533  \nC56E2, 1055/1060, 1 1219 70Mn4, 1070M, 1 1244 4147/4147H/4150/4150H, 1 7228 ","cbCaicS9slb4xubb","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicS9slb4xubb","pdf",1552443,32,"English","# Contents\n## Table of equivalent steel compositions\n## Hardening heat treatments\n## Subsurface fatigue\n## Surface fatigue\n## Structural fatigue\n## Corrosion\n## Elevated temperatures\n## Premature bearing failure\n## Sustainability\n## Solutions\n## Through-hardening bearing steels\n## Surface hardening bearing steels\n## Secondary hardened steels","[{\"question\":\"What does the brochure cover about SKF steels and heat treatments?\",\"answer\":\"It provides an overview of common steel grades and hardening heat-treatment solutions used by SKF, linking each solution to strengths and likely application conditions.\"},{\"question\":\"How are hardening heat treatments grouped in the brochure?\",\"answer\":\"They are divided into through hardening and surface hardening. Through hardening produces homogeneous microstructures across the component, while surface hardening creates a hardness profile from surface to core.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is the SKF Grade 3 bearing steel commonly used, and when is improvement needed?\",\"answer\":\"Grade 3 is valued for availability, ease of manufacture, and good bearing performance under rolling contact fatigue. For certain application conditions, improved properties can be achieved by adjusting heat treatment or using alternative steel/heat-treatment combinations.\"}]","SKF steel and heat treatment solutions | PDF",1791812578]