[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-564914-105":53,"doc-detail-564914-en":127},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":120,"head_meta":122,"extra_data":124,"updated_unix":126},105,"en","session-73-presenting-data-handout","Session 7.3 - Presenting Data Handout","","Session 7.3 handout provides practical guidance for selecting and using common graph types to communicate data clearly. It explains when pie charts are appropriate, how scatter plots help explore relationships between two numerical variables, and how box plots summarize groups using five-number summaries and the interquartile range. The handout also covers histograms for continuous data, line charts for time series and continuous trends, and bar charts for discrete or nominal/ordinal categories.",{"@graph":63,"@context":119},[64,80,102],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":11,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/presentations/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/session-73-presenting-data-handout/564914/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/session-73-presenting-data-handout/564914.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Lucas Martin","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-21","2026-10-12",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":101},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",6,{"@type":103,"mainEntity":104},"FAQPage",[105,111,115],{"name":106,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":108},"When should a pie chart be used?","Question",{"text":109,"@type":110},"Use a pie chart only when the total of all segments has meaning, and when you have good reason. It works best for a small number of pieces, with an optimal number of segments around 6 (advised between 3 and 10).","Answer",{"name":112,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":113},"What are scatter plots mainly useful for?",{"text":114,"@type":110},"Scatter plots help investigate associations between two numerical variables by plotting one variable on the X-axis and the other on the Y-axis. Group information can be added using different colours and/or shapes.",{"name":116,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How do histograms differ from bar charts?",{"text":118,"@type":110},"In a histogram, the area of the bar denotes the value, not the height—this matters when category widths are not uniform. Histograms are for continuous data grouped into classes, while bar charts use proportional lengths for discrete or grouped categories.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":121,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":123,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":125,"site_id":56},564914,1792337815,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":128},{"doc_id":125,"user_id":129,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":130,"doc_module":9,"category_id":8,"category_name":11,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":131,"file_id":132,"file_url":133,"file_type":134,"file_size":135,"view_count":101,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":73,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":140,"read_time":9},8796095360427,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Session 7.3: Presenting Data Handout  \n\n| Graph/Chart | Notes |\n| --- | --- |\n| Pie Chart | 􀁸 You have to have a really good reason for using a pie chart! Often a bar chart (or histogram) will present data in a more meaningful way.\u003Cbr>􀁸 Pie charts are only useful for different sized segments.\u003Cbr>􀁸 Pie charts should only be used when the total sum of all the segments has meaning.\u003Cbr>􀁸 Pie charts are effective for presenting a small number of pieces of data. The optimal number of segments is 6 (between 3 and 10 is advised) . |\n| Scatter Plot | 􀁸 In a scatter plot, one variable is plotted on the horizontal axis (X-axis) and the other on the vertical axis (Y-axis) .\u003Cbr>􀁸 They are useful for investigating associations between two numerical variables.\u003Cbr>􀁸 The point at which the axes cross should almost always be (0,0) .\u003Cbr>􀁸 If not, insert “Z” into axis.\u003Cbr>􀁸 Add group information by using different colours and/or shapes. |\n| Box Plot | 􀁸 A box plot is a convenient way of graphically depicting groups of numerical data through their“five-number summaries”:\u003Cbr>􀁸 Box plots are useful for showing the IQR (Inter Quartile Range) . |\n| Histogram | 􀁸 A histogram is used to plot continuous data which have been put into a limited number of distinct groups or classes.\u003Cbr>􀁸 A histogram differs from a bar chart in that it is the area of the bar that denotes the value, not the height, a crucial distinction when the categories are not of uniform width.\u003Cbr>􀁸 Choose bar widths carefully.\u003Cbr>􀁸 Start the Y-axis at 0-or include a “Z” zigzag to indicate the discontinuity.\u003Cbr>􀁸 If absolute comparisons are necessary, start the Xaxis at zero to avoid misinterpretation. |\n| Line Chart | 􀁸 A line chart is a series of data points connected by a line and should be used for continuous data and time series. |\n\n\n|  | 􀁸 Multiple lines can be plotted to provide comparisons.\u003Cbr>􀁸 If the line represents point measurements, add points to the lines.\u003Cbr>􀁸 The optimal maximum number of lines on one chart is 3-4, unless they are well separated.\u003Cbr>􀁸 In a set of line graphs use consistent plotting styles and colours and scales |\n| --- | --- |\n| Bar Chart | 􀁸 Bar charts are not histograms. In bar charts it is the lengths that are proportional to the values that they represent.\u003Cbr>􀁸 Used for discrete, grouped, nominal or ordinal data.\u003Cbr>􀁸 There is no measurement value to the thickness of the bars and, therefore, they should be uniform throughout the chart.\u003Cbr>􀁸 A simple bar chart shows how several items differ from each other in a single characteristic.\u003Cbr>􀁸 If there is no obvious ordering, order bars by size (either increasing or decreasing) .\u003Cbr>􀁸 When comparing more than one variable, group the bars to be compared.\u003Cbr>􀁸 Don’t overlap bars – the visible area is smaller for overlapped bars.\u003Cbr>􀁸 Stacked bar charts are good at displaying variation in the first category and the total but not other categories. |","cbCaiaSqaKaxh6ve","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaSqaKaxh6ve","pdf",72020,"English","# Graph and chart guidance\n## Pie chart\n## Scatter plot\n## Box plot\n## Histogram\n## Line chart\n## Bar chart","[{\"question\":\"When should a pie chart be used?\",\"answer\":\"Use a pie chart only when the total of all segments has meaning, and when you have good reason. It works best for a small number of pieces, with an optimal number of segments around 6 (advised between 3 and 10).\"},{\"question\":\"What are scatter plots mainly useful for?\",\"answer\":\"Scatter plots help investigate associations between two numerical variables by plotting one variable on the X-axis and the other on the Y-axis. Group information can be added using different colours and/or shapes.\"},{\"question\":\"How do histograms differ from bar charts?\",\"answer\":\"In a histogram, the area of the bar denotes the value, not the height—this matters when category widths are not uniform. Histograms are for continuous data grouped into classes, while bar charts use proportional lengths for discrete or grouped categories.\"}]","Session 7.3 - Presenting Data Handout | PDF",1791845033]