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Prospective observational study included 336 outpatients in 2018 and 100 women meeting inclusion criteria assessed by transvaginal ultrasound, with β-hCG measured at admission and after 48 hours to calculate rise rates, and outcome comparison based on fetal heartbeat status.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/serum-progesterone-and-serial-hcg-levels-in-predicting-the-outcome-of-early-pregnancies-with-doubtful-viability-prospective-research/564864/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/serum-progesterone-and-serial-hcg-levels-in-predicting-the-outcome-of-early-pregnancies-with-doubtful-viability-prospective-research/564864.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"lilac","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-20","2026-10-12",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":73},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"What was the main objective of the study?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"To evaluate whether the doubling rate of serial maternal serum β-hCG and a single initial serum progesterone level can predict fetal viability before ultrasonography.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How were β-hCG levels measured and used?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"Serum β-hCG and progesterone were measured at first admission; after 48 hours, control serum β-hCG was taken and increase rates were calculated to assess viability outcomes.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What did the study conclude about progesterone and serial β-hCG for predicting pregnancy outcome?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"Either the serial β-hCG ratio or the serum progesterone level can be used alone to predict pregnancy outcome in early pregnancy.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},564864,1792524623,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":73,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":140,"read_time":76},3985747861865,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","ORIGINAL ARTICLE  \nDOI: 10.4274/eamr.galenos.2023.77045 Eur Arch Med Res 2023;39(3):146-152  \nSerum Progesterone and Serial β-hCG Levels in Predicting the Outcome of Early Pregnancies with Doubtful Viability: Prospective Research  \n Mustafa Yıldız1,  Esra Nur Çiçek2,  Gökhan Demirayak3,  Simten Genç4,  Orhan Şahin5,  Yağmur Özkan4,  Veli Mihmanlı4  \n1Private Derman Hospital, Kırklareli, Turkey  \n2Private Balkan Hospital, Kırklareli, Turkey  \n3 İstanbul Memorial Şişli Private Hospital, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, İstanbul, Turkey  \n4University of Health Sciences Turkey, Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, İstanbul, Turkey  \n5University of Health Sciences Turkey, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, İstanbul, Turkey  \nAbstract  \nObjective: To evaluate the doubling rate of maternal serum serial beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) and a single initial serum progesterone level to predict fetal viability before ultrasonography in women diagnosed with intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) of undetectable viability.  \nMethods: Three hundred thirty six pregnant women who applied to the outpatient Clinic at Okmeydanı Hospital between March and December 2018 were evaluated on a “prospective observational” basis. The study was completed with 100 pregnant women diagnosed with IUP involving suspected fetal viability by transvaginal ultrasonography only, who met the inclusion criteria. Serum β-hCG and progesterone levels were measured at the first admission. After 48 h, control serum β-hCG was taken and the increase rates were calculated. Early pregnancy loss was diagnosed by (transvaginal) TV-USG. Patients were divided into two groups as fetal heartbeat (FHB) positive and FHB negative. Pregnancy results were compared with β-hCG increase rates and progesterone levels.  \nResults: No statistically significant result was obtained between FHB +/ - groups in terms of maternal age, previous pregnancy anamnesis, nationality, presenting symptoms, or ultrasound findings. The study, which was conducted with a confidence interval of 95%, found the viability rate to be 70% with a β-hCG increase rate of 31% and 100% in the case of an increase of 181% . For progesterone, when the value was 5.9 ng/mL, the viability rate was 49% and 100% at 37.5 ng/mL and above. The efficacy values of β-hCG increase and first progesterone level in predicting viability were found to be ROC AUC: [0 .748 (0 .621-0.874)] and ROC AUC: [0 .796 (0 .685-0.907)], respectively.  \nConclusion: Either Serial β-hCG ratio or serum progesterone level can be used alone to predict the pregnancy outcome in early pregnancy. With the dissemination of similar studies, estimation modalities can be improved, and TV-USG examinations can help shorten the waiting time for results to reduce the anxiety of families, hospital admissions and health expenses.  \nKeywords: Early pregnancy loss, viability, serial β, -hCG, progesterone  \nAddress for Correspondence: Mustafa Yıldız, Private Derman Hospital, Kırklareli, Turkey E-mail: dr. mustafayldz@gmail.com ORCID ID: [orcid.org/0000-0002-8383-8874](orcid.org/0000-0002-8383-8874)  \nReceived: 15.01.2023  \nAccepted: 30.05.2023  \nCite this article as: Yıldız M, Çiçek EN, Demirayak G, Genç S, Şahin O, Özkan Y, Mihmanlı V. Serum Progesterone and Serial β-hCG Levels in Predicting the Outcome of Early Pregnancies with Doubtful Viability: Prospective Research. Eur Arch Med Res 2023;39(3):146-152  \n Licenced by Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)  \nINTRODUCTION  \nEarly pregnancy loss is a frequently encountered problem during the reproductive period, which is the longest period of female life, and it is reported as the most common complication of pregnancy. It occurs in approximately 10-15% of all clinically recognized pregnancies and affects one in every three women (1) . One-third of women and a","cbCairBf9J2dAGXn","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairBf9J2dAGXn","pdf",266041,7,"English","# Abstract\n## Objective\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What was the main objective of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To evaluate whether the doubling rate of serial maternal serum β-hCG and a single initial serum progesterone level can predict fetal viability before ultrasonography.\"},{\"question\":\"How were β-hCG levels measured and used?\",\"answer\":\"Serum β-hCG and progesterone were measured at first admission; after 48 hours, control serum β-hCG was taken and increase rates were calculated to assess viability outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the study conclude about progesterone and serial β-hCG for predicting pregnancy outcome?\",\"answer\":\"Either the serial β-hCG ratio or the serum progesterone level can be used alone to predict pregnancy outcome in early pregnancy.\"}]","Serum Progesterone and Serial β-hCG Levels in Predicting the Outcome of Early Pregnancies with Doubtful Viability - Prospective Research | PDF",1791844651]