[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-detail-563256-en":53,"doc-seo-563256-105":73},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":54},{"doc_id":55,"user_id":56,"nickname":57,"user_avatar":58,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":60,"doc_content":61,"file_id":62,"file_url":63,"file_type":64,"file_size":65,"view_count":47,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":9,"language":66,"language_code":67,"site_id":68,"html_lang":67,"table_of_contents":69,"faqs":70,"seo_title":71,"seo_description":60,"update_tm":72,"read_time":4},563256,3985747862600,"lugxt","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Sedating Patients for Cardiology Studies","Guidance for achieving diagnostic-quality cardiology imaging by minimizing or avoiding sedation when feasible. Recommends attempts to obtain ECG, radiographs, or echocardiograms without sedation, especially with slow heart rates. When sedation is required, outlines dosing approaches for dogs and cats, including trazodone, butorphanol, and alfaxalone for dogs, and gabapentin and combinations involving butorphanol, alfaxalone, and midazolam for cats. Warns against alpha-2 agonists in suspected or confirmed structural heart disease or arrhythmias due to diagnostic interference and hemodynamic instability.","IDEXX Telemedicine Consultants  \nSedating Patients for Cardiology Studies  \nIdeally, reasonable attempts should be made to acquire an electrocardiogram (ECG), radiographs, or an echocardiogram without sedation, particularly if the patient’s heart rate is slow. If sedation is necessary, however, the following sedatives are appropriate for diagnostic studies.  \nSedation for dogs  \n• Trazodone (5−15 mg/kg, orally) may be given both the night before and 1 hour before travel or arrival at the clinic. A reasonable starting dose based on weight is 7 mg/kg for dogs ≤11 kg and5 mg/kg for dogs >11 kg. Consider reducing the dose to 3−5 mg/kg for larger dogs (>25 kg) . Trazodone may also be given to dogs while at the clinic. It takes approximately 1 hour to take effect in a fasted dog.  \nNote: Trazodone has no analgesic properties. Paradoxical excitation is uncommon; nevertheless a trial dose at home is recommended.  \n• If trazodone alone does not provide enough sedation , give butorphanol at 0.2 mg−0.3 mg/kg intravenous ( IV) in addition to the trazodone. Pretreatment with trazodone usually renders butorphanol more effective.  \n• If the above is still not sufficient for adequate imaging, you may consider using careful titration of alfaxalone* at  \n1 mg/kg IV increments.  \nSedation for cats  \n• Gabapentin given at home 2−3 hours before the visit at 50 mg−100 mg/cat orally.  \n• If Gabapentin does not provide sufficient sedation, administer:  \nButorphanol (0 .2 mg−0.4 mg/kg, intramuscular [IM] or IV)  \nor  \nButorphanol (0 .2 mg−0.4 mg/kg, IM or IV) plus alfaxalone* (1 mg−2 mg/kg, IM or IV)  \nor  \nButorphanol (0 .2 mg/kg) plus midazolam (0 .2 mg/kg) plus alfaxalone* (1 mg−2 mg/kg) given as an IM or IV combination  \n• Alphaxalone* may also be further titrated to effect at 1 mg/kg increments when used in any of the aforementioned protocols.  \n* Note: Alfaxalone is an anesthetic agent and therefore supplemental oxygen, endotracheal tubes, and a resuscitator bag should be readily available.  \nNote: Sedation with alpha-2 agonists is not recommended in patients suspected or confirmed for structural heart disease or arrhythmias. These sedatives have a high chance of limiting the diagnostic validity of the study itself and may precipitate hemodynamic instability in affected patients. Profound bradyarrhythmias often occur, limiting the information we obtain from the ECG and prompting us to recommend a repeat ECG with no or different sedation. Sedation with alpha-2 agonists has also been proven to cause false-positive diagnoses of valvular regurgitation, cardiomegaly, and systolic dysfunction and can therefore also limit the diagnostic utility of thoracic radiographs and echocardiography, prompting us to recommend repeating the imaging with no or different sedation.  \n© 2021 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved.• CLD-11877-01  \nAll ®/TM marks are owned by IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. or its affiliates in the United States and/or other countries. All other product and company names and logos are trademarks of their respective holders.  \nThe IDEXX Privacy Policy is available at [idexx.com](idexx.com).","cbCail0PhfnSbCYw","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCail0PhfnSbCYw","pdf",102516,"English","en",105,"# Sedation strategy for cardiology studies\n## Sedation for dogs\n## Sedation for cats\n## Warnings and clinical cautions","[{\"question\":\"When should clinicians try to avoid sedation for cardiology studies?\",\"answer\":\"When possible, reasonable attempts should be made to acquire an ECG, radiographs, or an echocardiogram without sedation, particularly if the patient’s heart rate is slow.\"},{\"question\":\"What sedatives are recommended for dogs undergoing diagnostic cardiology imaging?\",\"answer\":\"Trazodone is appropriate for diagnostic studies. If trazodone alone is insufficient, add butorphanol; if still inadequate, consider careful titration of alfaxalone in 1 mg/kg IV increments.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is sedation with alpha-2 agonists not recommended in some cardiac patients?\",\"answer\":\"Alpha-2 agonists can limit diagnostic validity and may precipitate hemodynamic instability, including profound bradyarrhythmias, and they have been shown to cause false-positive diagnoses affecting ECG and imaging results.\"}]","Sedating Patients for Cardiology Studies | PDF",1791823928,{"code":4,"msg":74,"data":75},"ok",{"site_id":68,"language":67,"slug":76,"title":59,"keywords":77,"description":60,"schema_data":78,"social_meta":134,"head_meta":136,"extra_data":138,"updated_unix":139},"sedating-patients-for-cardiology-studies","",{"@graph":79,"@context":133},[80,96,116],{"@type":81,"itemListElement":82},"BreadcrumbList",[83,87,90,93],{"item":84,"name":85,"@type":86,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":88,"name":10,"@type":86,"position":89},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":91,"name":51,"@type":86,"position":92},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":94,"name":59,"@type":86,"position":95},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/sedating-patients-for-cardiology-studies/563256/",4,{"url":94,"name":59,"@type":97,"image":98,"author":103,"headline":59,"publisher":105,"fileFormat":108,"inLanguage":67,"description":60,"dateModified":109,"datePublished":110,"encodingFormat":108,"isAccessibleForFree":111,"interactionStatistic":112},"DigitalDocument",{"url":99,"@type":100,"width":101,"height":102},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/sedating-patients-for-cardiology-studies/563256.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":57,"@type":104},"Person",{"url":84,"name":106,"@type":107},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-10-12",true,{"@type":113,"interactionType":114,"userInteractionCount":47},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":115},"ViewAction",{"@type":117,"mainEntity":118},"FAQPage",[119,125,129],{"name":120,"@type":121,"acceptedAnswer":122},"When should clinicians try to avoid sedation for cardiology studies?","Question",{"text":123,"@type":124},"When possible, reasonable attempts should be made to acquire an ECG, radiographs, or an echocardiogram without sedation, particularly if the patient’s heart rate is slow.","Answer",{"name":126,"@type":121,"acceptedAnswer":127},"What sedatives are recommended for dogs undergoing diagnostic cardiology imaging?",{"text":128,"@type":124},"Trazodone is appropriate for diagnostic studies. If trazodone alone is insufficient, add butorphanol; if still inadequate, consider careful titration of alfaxalone in 1 mg/kg IV increments.",{"name":130,"@type":121,"acceptedAnswer":131},"Why is sedation with alpha-2 agonists not recommended in some cardiac patients?",{"text":132,"@type":124},"Alpha-2 agonists can limit diagnostic validity and may precipitate hemodynamic instability, including profound bradyarrhythmias, and they have been shown to cause false-positive diagnoses affecting ECG and imaging results.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":94,"og:type":135,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":106,"og:description":60},"article",{"robots":137,"canonical":94},"index,follow",{"doc_id":55,"site_id":68},1792086594]