[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-219242-105":53,"doc-detail-219242-en":126},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":119,"head_meta":121,"extra_data":123,"updated_unix":125},105,"en","sap_report_on_hfc_23-executive-summary","SAP_Report_on_HFC_23 - Executive Summary","","Supplemental report updating the Scientific Assessment Panel’s findings on HFC-23 emissions in response to Decision XXXVI/3. Atmospheric observations were extended through 2023, updating emission estimates originally derived through 2022. In 2023, global mean HFC-23 abundance increased to 36.8 ± 0.9 ppt, while emissions totaled 14.2 ± 0.7 kt yr−1, remaining comparable to 2022 but below 2018–2019 peaks. HCFC-22 production stayed the dominant source, yet a substantial emissions gap persists versus reported values under UNFCCC and the Montreal Protocol framework.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":11,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/presentations/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/sap_report_on_hfc_23-executive-summary/219242/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/sap_report_on_hfc_23-executive-summary/219242.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Jordan Avery","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","2026-10-19","2026-09-08",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"What does this supplemental executive summary update from the previous SAP report?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"It updates HFC-23 emission estimates using atmospheric observations through 2023 instead of through 2022, while keeping the fundamental conclusions unchanged.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How did global mean HFC-23 abundance and emissions change in 2023?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"Global mean abundance increased to 36.8 ± 0.9 ppt in 2023. Emissions derived from atmospheric abundances totaled 14.2 ± 0.7 kt yr−1 and were close to 2022 values, but lower than peak emissions in 2018–2019.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why does an emissions gap remain in 2023?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"Reported or estimated emissions under UNFCCC/MLF/oZone Secretariat are not reconciled with atmospherically derived emissions when considering known sources beyond HCFC-22 production; adding atmospheric oxidation still leaves a large gap.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},219242,1791725853,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":8,"category_name":11,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":140,"read_time":8},1099523882367,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE \u000bOZONE LAYER\nReport of the Scientific Assessment Panel\nSeptember 2025\nResponse to Decision XXXVI/3: Emissions of HFC-23\nSeptember 2025\nReport of the Scientific Assessment Panel in response to Decision XXXVI/3: Emissions of HFC-23\nLead Authors:\nS. A. Montzka, NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, USA;\nJ. B. Burkholder, NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, USA\nAuthors:\nCo-Chairs of the Montreal Protocol Scientific Assessment Panel:\nL. J. Carpenter, University of York, UK;\nD. W. Fahey, NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, USA;\nK. W. Jucks, NASA Earth Science Program, USA;\nB. Safari, University of Rwanda, Rwanda\nContributors:\nCampbell, N., United Kingdom\nManning, A., UK Met Office, United Kingdom\nReimann, S., Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Switzerland\nWestern, L., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA\nMembers of the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) Global Network\nISBN: 978-9914-733-72-3\n\u0003Table of Contents:\n\u0013 TOC \\o \"1-3\" \\h \\z \\u \u0014\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc208222653\" \u0014Executive Summary:\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc208222653 \\h \u00141\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc208222654\" \u00141\tIntroduction\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc208222654 \\h \u00145\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc208222655\" \u00142 \tUpdated results on the global scale\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc208222655 \\h \u00147\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc208222656\" \u00142.1 \t Global scale HFC-23 concentrations and emissions derived from atmospheric data\t\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc208222656 \\h \u00147\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc208222657\" \u00142.2 \t Reported production of HCFC-22\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc208222657 \\h \u00149\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc208222658\" \u00142.3 \t On the global emission gap\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc208222658 \\h \u00149\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc208222659\" \u00143 \tRegional contributions to HFC-23 emissions\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc208222659 \\h \u001415\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc208222660\" \u00144 \tPhoto-chemical production of HFC-23 in the atmosphere\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc208222660 \\h \u001419\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc208222661\" \u00144.1 \t Knowledge gaps related to atmospheric production of HFC-23\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc208222661 \\h \u001420\u0015\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc208222662\" \u00145 \tReferences\t\u0013 PAGEREF _Toc208222662 \\h \u001423\u0015\u0015\n\u0015\u0004\nExecutive Summary:\nThis Supplemental Report serves as an update to the Report of the Scientific Assessment Panel in response to Decision XXXV/7: Emissions of HFC-23 that was submitted to and posted by the United Nations Environment Programme Ozone Secretariat in September 2024 (Montzka et al., 2024, hereafter referred to as SAP, 2024). In that report, emissions estimates for HFC-23 were derived from atmospheric observations through 2022. In this Supplemental Report, emissions estimates are updated with atmospheric observations through 2023. The fundamental conclusions in this report remain unchanged based on the additional year of measurements, derived emissions, and updates to reported quantities and quantities derived from reporting that have become available for 2023.\nDuring 2023 the global mean atmospheric abundance of hydrofluorocarbon-23 (HFC-23; CHF3) continued to increase. The measured global mean abundance in 2023 was 36.8 ± 0.9 ppt, which was 0.97 ± 0.04 ppt greater than the 35.9 ± 0.9 ppt measured in 2022. This annual increase was slightly less than the mean change observed from 2015 to 2023 of 1.10 ± 0.13 ppt yr(1.\nGlobal HFC-23 emissions in 2023 derived from measured atmospheric abundances totaled 14.2 ± 0.7 kt yr-1 and were 2.7 ± 0.9 (16 ± 6%) lower than peak emissions derived for 2018-2019 of 16.9 ± 0.7 kt yr-1. Emissions in 2023 were similar to emissions in 2022 (14.4 ± 0.6 kt yr-1). The small change in emissions from 2022 to 2023 contrasts with the larger annual decline during 2019 to 2022 that averaged 0.8 kt yr(1. Reported HCFC-22 production for all uses, which remains the largest known source of HFC-23 by-product, was 1.9% smaller in 2023 compared to 2022 (1197 kt in 2022 and 1175 kt in 2023).\nNew scientific results confirm that HFC-23 is produced in oxidation reactions of some fluorinated gases present in the atmosphere. This HFC-23 source is esti","cbCaie5pB1YVRhwL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaie5pB1YVRhwL","docx",1575976,32,"English","# Executive Summary\n## Updated atmospheric results through 2023\n## Global abundance and emission estimates\n## Scientific understanding of atmospheric production\n## Emissions gap versus reported inventories","[{\"question\":\"What does this supplemental executive summary update from the previous SAP report?\",\"answer\":\"It updates HFC-23 emission estimates using atmospheric observations through 2023 instead of through 2022, while keeping the fundamental conclusions unchanged.\"},{\"question\":\"How did global mean HFC-23 abundance and emissions change in 2023?\",\"answer\":\"Global mean abundance increased to 36.8 ± 0.9 ppt in 2023. Emissions derived from atmospheric abundances totaled 14.2 ± 0.7 kt yr−1 and were close to 2022 values, but lower than peak emissions in 2018–2019.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does an emissions gap remain in 2023?\",\"answer\":\"Reported or estimated emissions under UNFCCC/MLF/oZone Secretariat are not reconciled with atmospherically derived emissions when considering known sources beyond HCFC-22 production; adding atmospheric oxidation still leaves a large gap.\"}]","SAP_Report_on_HFC_23 - Executive Summary | DOCX",1788863361]