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It argues that professional values and routines—though superficially aligned with ideals like balance and fairness—diverge through local socio-cultural, political, and economic conditions. By focusing on Africa in a contextually rooted way, the work revisits debates on newsmaking cultures, adds analytical depth through comparative case studies, and reframes journalism’s identity as inherently shaped by internal contradictions and ongoing change.",{"@graph":63,"@context":119},[64,80,102],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/reinvigorating-age-old-questions-hayes-mawindi-mabweazara/170657/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/reinvigorating-age-old-questions-hayes-mawindi-mabweazara/170657.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Taylor Morgan","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","2026-10-02","2026-09-01",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":101},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",7,{"@type":103,"mainEntity":104},"FAQPage",[105,111,115],{"name":106,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":108},"What does the book argue about applying Anglo-American journalism norms globally?","Question",{"text":109,"@type":110},"It contends that journalism’s defining canons are often used with an implicit assumption of global normative consistency, overlooking how local conditions shape professional identities and practices.","Answer",{"name":112,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":113},"How does the book explain apparent alignment with ideals like balance and impartiality?",{"text":114,"@type":110},"It notes that African press practices may seem to typify widely cited normative ideals, but deeper analysis reveals discrepancies rooted in differentiated newsmaking cultures and local contexts.",{"name":116,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What is the book’s main purpose in revisiting ‘newsmaking cultures’ in Africa?",{"text":118,"@type":110},"It aims to reinvigorate a well-established debate by adding comparative, conceptual insights and reflective material, showing how journalism’s conditions and work rules vary across specific socio-cultural, political, and economic settings.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":121,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":123,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":125,"site_id":56},170657,1788274050,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":128},{"doc_id":125,"user_id":129,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":130,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":131,"file_id":132,"file_url":133,"file_type":134,"file_size":135,"view_count":101,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":136,"language":137,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":138,"faqs":139,"seo_title":140,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":126,"read_time":8},1099523885336,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","1. Reinvigorating ‘Age-Old Questions’: African Journalism Cultures and the Fallacy of Global Normative Homogeneity\nHayes Mawindi Mabweazara\nThe scholarly pursuit of journalism and its inner workings vary considerably across the globe, yet its Anglo-American pedigree and defining canons are commonly applied with an underlying assumption of global normative consistency and homogeneity (Chalaby 1998; Hanitzsch 2007; Hallin and Mancini 2004). While there are unquestionable global similarities in professional values, the bureaucratic organisation of news organisations and the general routinization of newsmaking, it is equally true that these professional identities are shaped and colored by local factors.  These local conditions have resulted in practices that challenge and throw into question the sweeping juggernaut and hegemony of Western professional ideologies, including the core principles and values that underpin the profession (Deuze 2005; Hanitzsch 2007; Waisbord 2013). Thus, while at the surface professional practices in the African press “typify the prevalent and somewhat universal professional normative ideals such as: balance, impartiality and fairness, a deeper analysis shows discrepancies that counter these established ideals” (Mabweazara 2011, 100). Consequently, the claim that professional journalists subscribe to the generic ideals of objectivity, professional routines and editorial procedures generalises what are, in fact, differentiated newsmaking cultures as journalists work in immensely varied and complex circumstances, which resist “any attempts to simplify them” (Mano 2004, 18). This scenario has resulted in an “arena in which [the] diverse professional ideologies struggle over the dominant interpretation of journalism’s social function and identity” (Hanitzsch 2007, 370).\nThe nature and form of these locally-defined professional cultures, especially as they emerge from the global South, remain heavily under-researched in mainstream journalism scholarship. This book thus revisits the subject with a view to offering fresh comparative insights and reflective material on journalism in Africa in the light of increased connectivity and regular journalistic traffic across different parts of the world (Waisbord 2013). Its primary aim therefore is not necessarily to break new ground but to reinvigorate and contribute to the nuancing of a well-trodden debate in journalism studies. It seeks to add to “an analytical grid” that maps out “diverse journalism cultures onto a set of universal dimensions of global variance” (Hanitzsch 2007, 371) through conceptual and exploratory case studies that provide material for reflection and analysis. In revisiting the long-standing debate on ‘newsmaking cultures’ in Africa, the book also throws into sharp perspective how we can possibly define conditions and rules of work in specific socio-cultural, political and economic settings. As Wasibord (2013, 13) aptly puts it, “[j]ournalism, its practices and ideals cannot be understood in isolation from a particular social formation” – it is an inherently contextually-rooted profession.\nWhile the convergence of economics, politics, and technological transformations in the 21st century is shaking old journalistic cultures in unprecedented ways, we also need to remind ourselves of the fact that change has always been part of journalism, it is far from abnormal. Journalism is a profession that has never known anything but change – it is (and always has been) in a permanent state of flux in response to various contextual factors. We therefore need not necessarily obsess with questions of change, and, especially with apocalyptic claims of the ‘end of journalism’ (Waisbord 2013) at the expense of interrogating and keeping alive ‘age-old’ questions on journalistic cultures. Journalism may be under extraordinary pressure but longstanding questions on its manifestations across contexts linger, albeit with more prominence than ever.\nGiven that journa","cbCaienXBvhuHkzp","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaienXBvhuHkzp","docx",51971,31,"English","# Reinvigorating ‘Age-Old Questions’\n## Localized journalism cultures and normative assumptions\n## The need for research beyond mainstream scholarship\n## Journalism as contextually rooted practice in Africa\n## Rethinking change and the “end of journalism” debate","[{\"question\":\"What does the book argue about applying Anglo-American journalism norms globally?\",\"answer\":\"It contends that journalism’s defining canons are often used with an implicit assumption of global normative consistency, overlooking how local conditions shape professional identities and practices.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the book explain apparent alignment with ideals like balance and impartiality?\",\"answer\":\"It notes that African press practices may seem to typify widely cited normative ideals, but deeper analysis reveals discrepancies rooted in differentiated newsmaking cultures and local contexts.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the book’s main purpose in revisiting ‘newsmaking cultures’ in Africa?\",\"answer\":\"It aims to reinvigorate a well-established debate by adding comparative, conceptual insights and reflective material, showing how journalism’s conditions and work rules vary across specific socio-cultural, political, and economic settings.\"}]","Reinvigorating ‘Age-Old Questions’ - Hayes Mawindi Mabweazara | DOCX"]