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The foreword outlines institutional growth, shifts in research topics toward empirical fieldwork, and increasing critical engagement with Western theories. It also highlights changing research focus from rural to urban and industrial problems, supported by professional journals and active academic organizations.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/ras-transactions-vol-46-life-in-urban-korea/161689/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/ras-transactions-vol-46-life-in-urban-korea/161689.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Melati","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","2026-09-21","2026-08-30",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":79},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"How did sociology develop in Korea across the stages described in the foreword?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"The foreword describes four stages: sociology before 1945, early establishment after 1954, the period of “new sociology” up to the early 1960s, and the later emergence of self-awareness in the late 1960s.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What research methods and topic changes are emphasized in the third and fourth stages?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"The third stage introduces new theories and methodology and encourages empirical field research, covering issues such as occupations, families, rural social structure, and fertility. The fourth stage shows broader engagement and a shift from rural toward urban and industrial concerns, alongside growing institutional output.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which academic institutions and activities helped shape Korean sociology during the later period?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"Korean sociological development is linked to the growth of professional journals from 1964 and increasing criticism of Western theories’ relevance. The text also notes symposiums and special sessions organized through sociological associations and related research bodies.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},161689,1788107255,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":79,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":125,"read_time":140},962085570644,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","RAS TRANSACTIONS\nVOL. XLVI 1971\nLIFE IN URBAN KOREA\nBy Lee Hyo-jae\nin collaboration with\nChoi Syn-duk    Lee Kyong-jae\nHan Sang-bock    Oh Kap-hwan\nKim Kyong-dong    Kathryn Norton\nKorea Branch Royal Asiatic Society CPO Box 255,Seoul, Korea\nTaewon Publishing Company IPO Box 3104, Seoul Korea\nIn Memoriam\nThis Volume of the Transactions, Korea Branch,\nRoyal Asiatic Society is respectfully dedicated to the late\nMR. WILBUR D. BACON 1925-1971\nMr. Wilbur D. Bacon, during his years of service in Korea from the late 1940,s until the early 1960’s, was an active and dedicated leader in the activities of the Royal Asiatic Society. Mr. Bacon was the contributor of two outstanding articles in the Transactions, including “Tombs of the Yi Dynasty Kings and Queens,” Vol XXXIII, 1957, pages 1-40; and “Fortresses of Kyonggi-do.” Vol. XXXVII,1961,pages 1-64. He was working on another RAS Transactions article, a translation into English of a Korean history of the Japanese invasion of Korea of 1592- 98,at the time of his untimely death,following a heart operation,on March 28,1971. Mr. Bacon was also one of the founders of the Choi Byong-woo Memorial Fund, honoring that former editor of the Korea Times who was killed in Quemoy during fighting there in the late 1950’s. It is this fund which the Society has been using as a revolving capital fund,to provide funds for its expanding program of publications on Korean scholarly projects. The Council of the Royal Asiatic Society, by action at its May 1971 meeting, voted to dedicate this volume of the Transactions to the memory of Mr. Wilbur D. Bacon, who contributed greatly to the ongoing program of the Royal Asiatic Society.\n\u000f\nCONTENTS\nLIFE IN URBAN KOREA\nForeword: Sociology in Korea \t\t\t\t 7\nIntroduction \t\t\t\t\t\t11\nHistorical Background of Seoul City\t\t\t\t15\nSeoul City Administration and Organization\t\t\t21\nA Perspective of Three Neighborhoods \t\t\t25\nLevel of Living \t\t\t\t\t\t43\nDaily Life\t\t\t\t\t\t51\nFamily and Kinship Relationships\t\t\t\t63\nReligion and Social Values \t\t\t\t73\nAppendices:\nA. Research Methods \t\t\t\t\t83\nB. Historical Perspective of Religion in Korea \t\t85\nDiagram 1-Hanyang Dong\t28\nDiagram 2-Layout of Traditional Korean House\t\t31\nDiagram 3-Layout of Multi-Story Western-Style House\t33\nDiagram 4a-Layout of Mixed-Style House\t\t\t36\nDiagram 4b-Layout of Mixed-Style House\t\t\t37\nDiagram 5-Layout of Apartment House\t\t\t40\nOTHER FEATURES\nNotes on the contributors\t\t\t\t\t91\nRAS Annual Report for 1970 \t\t\t\t93\nList of RAS Members\t\t\t\t\t95\n\u000f\n[page 7]\nFOREWORD\nSociology in Korea\nby Lee Man-gap\nI. Trends in Sociology in Korea\nThe development of sociology in Korea went through the following four stages: 1) sociology before 1945 ; 2) the early establishment stage for a decade after 1954; 3) the period of “new sociology” up to the early 1960,s; and 4) the period of emerging self-awareness in the latter half of the 1960’s.\nBefore the end of World War II,there was no sociology department at any higher educational institution ; only a few courses on sociology were offered at the Japanese-dominated Keijo Imperial University. A handful of Korean and Japanese sociologists engaged in research activities of a sociological nature.\nShortly after the war, a sociology department was established for the first time at Seoul National University and, later, at Kyungbuk National University. A number of introductory sociology texts in Korean were published; lectures were regularly offered, but they were largely confined to the introduction of Western sociological theories developed back in the 1930’s or even before; e. g•,Comte, Spencer, Simmel, Toennies, Weber, and so on.\nThe third stage began in 1956 with the introduction of new theories and methodology then rapidly developing in the United States. Many sociologists began to undertake empirical field research, utilizing new research techniques. Research topics covered a wide area, including attitude toward occupations, urban and rural families, the social structure of the rural villages, fertility in rural ","cbCaiq8Yw6k0VgHx","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiq8Yw6k0VgHx","docx",2852177,55,"English","# Foreword: Sociology in Korea\n## Trends in Sociology in Korea\n# Contents\n## Introduction\n## Historical Background of Seoul City\n## Seoul City Administration and Organization\n## A Perspective of Three Neighborhoods\n## Level of Living\n## Daily Life\n## Family and Kinship Relationships\n## Religion and Social Values\n## Appendices\n### Research Methods\n### Historical Perspective of Religion in Korea\n# Other Features\n## Notes on the contributors\n## RAS Annual Report for 1970\n## List of RAS Members","[{\"question\":\"How did sociology develop in Korea across the stages described in the foreword?\",\"answer\":\"The foreword describes four stages: sociology before 1945, early establishment after 1954, the period of “new sociology” up to the early 1960s, and the later emergence of self-awareness in the late 1960s.\"},{\"question\":\"What research methods and topic changes are emphasized in the third and fourth stages?\",\"answer\":\"The third stage introduces new theories and methodology and encourages empirical field research, covering issues such as occupations, families, rural social structure, and fertility. The fourth stage shows broader engagement and a shift from rural toward urban and industrial concerns, alongside growing institutional output.\"},{\"question\":\"Which academic institutions and activities helped shape Korean sociology during the later period?\",\"answer\":\"Korean sociological development is linked to the growth of professional journals from 1964 and increasing criticism of Western theories’ relevance. The text also notes symposiums and special sessions organized through sociological associations and related research bodies.\"}]","RAS Transactions - Vol. 46 - Life in Urban Korea | DOCX",19]