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Cochrane Collaboration and published in The Cochrane Library 2007, Issue 3  \n[http://www.thecochranelibrary.com](http://www.thecochranelibrary.com)  \nPsychological interventions for needle-related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents (Review) 1  \nCopyright © 2007 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd  \nT A B L E O F C O N T E N T S  \nABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1  \nPLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2  \nBACKGROUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2  \nOBJECTIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3  \nCRITERIA FOR CONSIDERING STUDIES FOR THIS REVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3  \nSEARCH METHODS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF STUDIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5  \nMETHODS OF THE REVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6  \nDESCRIPTION OF STUDIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8  \nMETHODOLOGICAL QUALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10  \nRESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11  \nDISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14  \nAUTHORS’ CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16  \nPOTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17  \nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17  \nSOURCES OF SUPPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18  \nREFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18  \nTABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23  \nCharacteristics of included studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23  \nCharacteristics of excluded studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38  \nADDITIONAL TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40  \nTable 01 . De􀀌nitions of Medical Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40  \nTable 02 . Distraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41  \nTable 03 . Information / Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41  \nTable 04 . Hypnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41  \nTable 05. Virtual Reality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42  \nTable 06 . Memory Alteration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42  \nTable 07 . Combined Cognitive-Behavioural Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43  \nTable 08 . Nurse Coaching + Distraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43  \nTable 09 . Parent Coaching + Distraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43  \nTable 10 . Parent Positioning + Distraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44  \nTable 11. Videotape Modeling + Parent Coaching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44  \nTable 12 . Suggestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44  \nTable 13 . Blowing Out Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45  \nTable 14 . Distraction + Suggestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45  \nTable 15 . Filmed Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45  \nTable 16 . Sensitivity Analyses-Distraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46  \nTable 17 . 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