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The material outlines core characteristics such as temporary, result-oriented cooperation, a clear start and end, defined resources and constraints, committed clients, and inherent risks and uncertainty. It then explains the “Devil’s Triangle”, when to use project-based working, key practices, references the agile manifesto values, and analyzes common reasons projects fail, including scope ambiguity, planning issues, and weak business cases.",{"@graph":63,"@context":119},[64,80,102],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":11,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/presentations/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/projects-and-project-management-project-management-basics-04-february-2021/249996/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/projects-and-project-management-project-management-basics-04-february-2021/249996.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Fez","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-19","2026-09-12",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":101},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",9,{"@type":103,"mainEntity":104},"FAQPage",[105,111,115],{"name":106,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":108},"What defines a project in this material?","Question",{"text":109,"@type":110},"A project is temporary and cooperation-based, aiming at a concrete, well-defined result using scarce resources within set start/end dates and constraints, with a committed client and often unique elements, multiple disciplines, and risks.","Answer",{"name":112,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":113},"When should organizations use a project-based way of working?",{"text":114,"@type":110},"Use it when routine working is not possible and improvisation is not desirable. The goal is to bring structure to delivery.",{"name":116,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Why do projects fail, according to the document?",{"text":118,"@type":110},"Common causes include changing requirements, poor planning of resources and activities, unclear client ownership, lack of a good plan or well-defined result scope, late recognition without control, insufficient decision and measurement points, weak quality, insufficient time allocation, no/poor business case, and lack of communication.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":121,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":123,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":125,"site_id":56},249996,1791736581,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":128},{"doc_id":125,"user_id":129,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":130,"doc_module":9,"category_id":8,"category_name":11,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":131,"file_id":132,"file_url":133,"file_type":134,"file_size":135,"view_count":101,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":136,"language":137,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":138,"faqs":139,"seo_title":140,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":141,"read_time":8},2336478940794,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Projects and Project Management  \nCynthia Kop and Paul Frederiks  \n4 February, 2021  \n Projects and Project Management Cynthia Kop and Paul Frederiks   \nDiscuss: what is a project?  \n Projects and Project Management 2 / 25 C. Kop 2 / 25   \nWhat is a project? { Some de􀀌nitions  \n􀀏 A project is a temporary , result-oriented cooperation between people using scarce resources.  \n􀀏 A project is a sequence of coherent activities which:  \n􀀏 deliver a concrete and well-de􀀌ned result;  \n􀀏 have a well-de􀀌ned start and end date;  \n􀀏 should be realised within restricting prerequisites;  \n􀀏 have a client who wants the result and is committed to it. Furthermore, a project often contains unique elements, requires multiple disciplines and departments, and contains some risks and uncertainty that the project result will not be attained.  \n Projects and Project Management 3 / 25 C. Kop 3 / 25   \nWhat is a project? { Some more de􀀌nitions  \n􀀏 A project is a temporary organisation which is required to obtain a unique prede􀀌ned product or result within prede􀀌ned timelines using prede􀀌ned resources.  \n􀀏 A project is a management environment with the objective to deliver one or more products as de􀀌ned in the Business Case.  \n(business case = justi􀀌cation of the project, the costs and the bene􀀌ts)  \n(PRINCE2)  \n Projects and Project Management 4 / 25 C. Kop 4 / 25   \nThe Devil's Triangle  \nProjects and Project Management 5 / 25 C. Kop 5 / 25   \nDiscuss: when to use project-based way of working?  \n Projects and Project Management 6 / 25 C. Kop 6 / 25   \nProject management  \nProject management and project-based way of working is required in case a routinely way of working is not possible nor improvisation  \nis desirable.  \nYour task: to bring structure.  \n Projects and Project Management 7 / 25 C. Kop 7 / 25   \nProject-based way of working  \nCharacterised by four things:  \n1 First thinking, then doing. (E.g. , what are the risks?)  \n2 Systematic working; making and following a plan.  \n3 Agreed is agreed; everyone depends on each other in a project.  \n4 Result-oriented way of working; deliver what was agreed.  \n Projects and Project Management 8 / 25 C. Kop 8 / 25   \nRecall: the agile manifesto  \nWe are uncovering better ways of developing software by doing it and helping others do it.  \nThrough this work we have come to value:  \n􀀏 Individuals and interactions over processes and tools  \n􀀏 Working software over comprehensive documentation  \n􀀏 Customer collaboration over contract negotiation  \n􀀏 Responding to change over following a plan  \nThat is, while there is value in the items on the right, we value the items on the left more.  \n Projects and Project Management 9 / 25 C. Kop 9 / 25   \nDiscuss: why do projects fail?  \n􀀏 changing requirements  \n􀀏 bad planning of resources and activities  \n􀀏 it is not clear and explicit who the client is  \n􀀏 no (good) project plan  \n􀀏 no well-de􀀌ned project result (e.g. , what's in scope?)  \n􀀏 projects are recognised too late (no project control!)  \n􀀏 insu􀀎cient measure points and decision points  \n􀀏 lacking project quality  \n􀀏 insu􀀎cient time allocation of the project participants  \n􀀏 no or poor business case  \n􀀏 lack of communication  \n Projects and Project Management 10 / 25 C. Kop 10 / 25","cbCair8IN1hqjIQO","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCair8IN1hqjIQO","pdf",566117,31,"English","# Discuss: what is a project?\n# Discuss: when to use project-based way of working?\n# Project management\n# Project-based way of working\n# Recall: the agile manifesto\n# Discuss: why do projects fail?","[{\"question\":\"What defines a project in this material?\",\"answer\":\"A project is temporary and cooperation-based, aiming at a concrete, well-defined result using scarce resources within set start/end dates and constraints, with a committed client and often unique elements, multiple disciplines, and risks.\"},{\"question\":\"When should organizations use a project-based way of working?\",\"answer\":\"Use it when routine working is not possible and improvisation is not desirable. The goal is to bring structure to delivery.\"},{\"question\":\"Why do projects fail, according to the document?\",\"answer\":\"Common causes include changing requirements, poor planning of resources and activities, unclear client ownership, lack of a good plan or well-defined result scope, late recognition without control, insufficient decision and measurement points, weak quality, insufficient time allocation, no/poor business case, and lack of communication.\"}]","Projects and Project Management - Project Management Basics - 04 February 2021 | PDF",1789253598]