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There were only four PowerPoint slides in the session which was also supported by several practical exercises to help reinforce the learning. This article summarises the points I’d want to get across in any session on planning.  \nSlide 1: Planning Overview  \nThere is always a range of levels at which you can plan. During the Initiation Stage of a project, you are planning, but at a very high level. As the project progresses into the Planning Stage, the level of detail increases and additional tools  \nand techniques can be used to help.  \nKey deliverables and milestones can be identified from the Project Definition. These need to be defined in terms of when they must happen and if there are any inter-dependencies. Finally, detailed activities can be planned, together with the specific resources required to achieve them.  \n1  \n© 2012 Improvement Skills Consulting Ltd. Registered Office: 204 Blind Lane, Flackwell Heath HP10 9LE  \nCompany Registration Number: 06427548 VAT Number: 922 3390 42  \nE: info@improvment-ski[lls.co.uk](lls.co.uk W: www.improvement-skills.co.uk)[ W:](lls.co.uk W: www.improvement-skills.co.uk)[ ](lls.co.uk W: www.improvement-skills.co.uk)[www.improvement-skills.co.uk](lls.co.uk W: www.improvement-skills.co.uk)  \nWhat chunks of work need to be done?  \nSlide 2: Work Breakdown Structure  \nIn any project, the work tobe done can be broken into a series of “work packages”, each of which can be delegated to members of the team. A Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) enables you to decide what the work packages should be, but tells you nothing about when they need to be done.  \nIt is usually a hierarchical set of tasks, either shown as a list, or tree diagram, or amindmap. It could be a breakdown of the deliverables and would then be called a Product Breakdown Structure.  \nLevel 1 is the project itself. The second level could be the project’s main lifecycle stages. Below that are the more detailed packages of work.  \nSoftware commonly available: MS Office (Org. Chart), MS Visio  \nHit your Milestones  \nSlide 3: Milestone Planning  \nMilestones are important, defined, events which either have to start at a particular time, or have to end at a particular time. Often, they will be associated with the completion of major deliverables, or key approval points.  \nTherefore, they can be used to produce an overall view of key project timescales. This might be as simple as a Milestone Chart where you list the milestones, who is responsible for achieving them and their planned and actual  \ndates. This provides a fairly simple way of reporting progress to Sponsors and senior managers. You can use colour-coding to highlight progress and concerns.  \nMilestones have “zero duration” and should be expressed in the form: Noun plus Verb (past tense); i.e.“stuff done”.  \nSoftware commonly available: MS Office (ppt, xls), MS Visio (Timeline)  \nWhen will the work get done?  \nSlide 4: Gantt Chart  \nThe activities are listed (from the Work Breakdown Structure) and bars are drawn to represent the start, duration and end times for each activity. Any Milestones would appear as points on the chart with zero duration. For many relatively simple projects, Microsoft Excel is a suitable tool to use to produce a Bar Chart.  \nFor most projects you will need to plan from “End to Start” – you know the deadline and therefore all the work has to be fitted in to achieve that date. You can use the Milestones to break it down into more manageable time-slots and fill the detail in between the Milestones.  \nSome activities may have a dependency on other activities. For example, you can’t“review the pilot” until you have “run the pilot”. In many cases, the dependency will be like th","cbCailod9GbvNsYG","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailod9GbvNsYG","pdf",524751,7,"English","# Planning a Project\n## Planning Overview\n## Work Breakdown Structure\n## Milestone Planning\n## Gantt Chart","[{\"question\":\"What planning level changes between project initiation and planning stages?\",\"answer\":\"During initiation, planning occurs at a very high level. As the project moves into the planning stage, the detail increases and more tools and techniques can be applied.\"},{\"question\":\"What does a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) help you do?\",\"answer\":\"A WBS breaks the project work into delegable work packages. It helps decide what those packages should be, while not specifying when they must occur.\"},{\"question\":\"How are milestones used in the overall project schedule?\",\"answer\":\"Milestones are defined events tied to start or end times, often connected to major deliverables or approvals. They can be shown on a milestone chart with planned and actual dates to report progress and concerns.\"}]","Project Planning in 4 slides - Project planning training notes | PDF",1789175771]