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Neural signals were recorded from small groups of 2–5 neurons in the monkey superior colliculus while subjects chose to either make a saccade (go) or maintain fixation (no-go) based on stimulus color. Multiple regression with 1 ms resolution was used to build a virtual decision function, and post hoc analysis predicted choices with nearly 90% accuracy. Results indicate that monitoring a limited set of superior colliculus neurons supports trial-by-trial go/no-go prediction, supporting cognitive brain–machine interface potential.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/prediction-of-a-gono-go-decision-from-single-trial-activities-of-multiple-neurons-in-monkey-superior-colliculus/244132/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/prediction-of-a-gono-go-decision-from-single-trial-activities-of-multiple-neurons-in-monkey-superior-colliculus/244132.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Noah","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-23","2026-09-12",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":73},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"What neural signals were recorded in this study?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"Neural activity was recorded from small groups of 2–5 neurons in the monkey superior colliculus while the animals performed the task.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How did the monkeys decide between go and no-go trials?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"The required behavior depended on the peripheral stimulus color: green cue triggered a saccade within 800 ms (go), while red cue required maintaining fixation longer than 800 ms (no-go).",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the go/no-go decision predicted from neural activity?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"A multiple regression analysis with 1 ms resolution was applied to individual-trial neuron activity to generate a virtual decision function, which then predicted the monkey’s choice with nearly 90% accuracy.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},244132,1790131814,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":73,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":140,"read_time":79},8796095462418,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80000253c1241d02b47?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778826106357471780","Prediction of a Go/No-go Decision from Single-Trial Activities of Multiple Neurons in Monkey Superior  \nColliculus  \nRyohei P. Hasegawa 1, 2, *, Yukako T. Hasegawa1,2, and Mark A. Segraves2  \n1 Neurosci. Res. Inst., AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan  \n2 Dept. Neurobiol. and Physiol., Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL 60208, USA  \n{[hase-p@ni.aist.go.jp}](hase-p@ni.aist.go.jp})  \nAbstract. The purpose of this study was to develop an algorithm capable of transforming neural activity to correctly report behavioral outcome during a cognitive task. We recorded from small groups of 2-5 neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) while monkeys performed a go/no-go task. Depending upon the color of a peripheral stimulus, the monkey was required to either make asaccade to the stimulus (go) or maintain fixation (no-go) . In order to replicate the progress of the decision-making process and generate a virtual decision function (VDF), we performed a multiple regression analysis, with 1 msec resolution, on neuron activity during individual trials. Post hoc analyses by VDF predicted the monkey’s choice with nearly 90% accuracy. These results suggest that monitoring of a limited number of SC neurons has sufficient capacity to predict go/no-go decisions on a trial-by-trial basis, and serves as an ideal candidate for a cognitive brain-machine interface (BMI) .  \nKeywords: Saccade, Superior colliculus, Decision-making, Prediction, Brain– machine interface, Go/no-go.  \n1 Introduction  \nWe have recently focused on monitoring single trial activities in single SC neurons, and developed an algorithm to provide a good prediction of go/no-go decisions [1] . In this study, we extended the algorithm to predict these decisions from the activities of multiple neurons, recorded simultaneously in the SC.  \n1.1 Decision-Making and the Superior Colliculus  \nThe oculomotor system is frequently chosen as the model system for investigating the neural substrates of simple decision-making. The superior colliculus (SC), located on the dorsal surface of the midbrain, is an important component of this system [2] . Several studies have looked at the role of the SC in decision-making [3] [4] [5] . In addition, the SC receives substantial input from areas of parietal and prefrontal cortex  \n* Corresponding author.  \nM. Ishikawa et al. (Eds.): ICONIP 2007, Part II, LNCS 4985, pp. 997–1006, 2008.© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2008  \n998 R.P. Hasegawa, Y.T. Hasegawa, and M.A. Segraves  \nknown to have activity related to decision-making [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13]  \n[14] . An important component of movement control is the ability to withhold movements when appropriate. Recent experiments have looked at neural activity in the frontal eye field [15] and SC [1] in decision-making tasks that require the active suppression of saccade eye movements. These experiments suggest that many neurons in the oculomotor system exhibit selectivity for go/no-go decisions, that is, plans to make a saccade or to maintain fixation.  \n1.2 Single-Trial Based Prediction for the BMI  \nThe decision-making process is entirely internal and does not necessarily produce motor behavior. Studies on techniques to read out such an internal signal are closely related to brain-machine interface (BMI), especially cognitive BMI that might provide useful communication tools for patients with difficulty in expressing their intentions. Unfortunately, most previous studies on decision-making are based upon comparison of neural activity averaged across many trials. We recently addressed the issue of how well the activity of single SC neurons can predict, for individual trials, a monkey’s decision to make a saccade or to maintain fixation in response to a peripheral cue [1] . We found that our methods correctly predicted the monkey’s decision on about 83% of the trials. In this study we hypothesized that simultaneous recording of multiple neurons might improve the accuracy of prediction, and applied our ","cbCaisJzrsucqlqb","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisJzrsucqlqb","pdf",330346,10,"English","# Introduction\n## Decision-Making and the Superior Colliculus\n## Single-Trial Based Prediction for the BMI\n# Methods\n## Animal and Surgery\n## Behavioral Task","[{\"question\":\"What neural signals were recorded in this study?\",\"answer\":\"Neural activity was recorded from small groups of 2–5 neurons in the monkey superior colliculus while the animals performed the task.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the monkeys decide between go and no-go trials?\",\"answer\":\"The required behavior depended on the peripheral stimulus color: green cue triggered a saccade within 800 ms (go), while red cue required maintaining fixation longer than 800 ms (no-go).\"},{\"question\":\"How was the go/no-go decision predicted from neural activity?\",\"answer\":\"A multiple regression analysis with 1 ms resolution was applied to individual-trial neuron activity to generate a virtual decision function, which then predicted the monkey’s choice with nearly 90% accuracy.\"}]","Prediction of a Go/No-go Decision from Single-Trial Activities of Multiple Neurons in Monkey Superior Colliculus | PDF",1789212414]