[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-571474-105":53,"doc-detail-571474-en":120},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":113,"head_meta":115,"extra_data":117,"updated_unix":119},105,"en","peptide-handbook-a-guide-to-peptide-design-and-applications-in-biomedical-research-first-edition","Peptide Handbook - A Guide to Peptide Design and Applications in Biomedical Research - First Edition","","Peptide Handbook provides a structured guide to peptide design and biomedical applications, starting with fundamental concepts of peptide structure, including peptide bond formation, N- and C-terminal residues, backbone carbon naming, and amino-acid chirality. It explains how molecular features such as pI and ionization behavior arise from amino-acid composition. The handbook then maps core analytical methods and broad application areas, spanning structural biology, disease pathogenesis, antibody generation, vaccine development, immunotherapy, cell penetration, and regenerative medicine.",{"@graph":63,"@context":112},[64,80,95],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":36,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/forms/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/peptide-handbook-a-guide-to-peptide-design-and-applications-in-biomedical-research-first-edition/571474/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"author":82,"headline":59,"publisher":85,"fileFormat":88,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":89,"datePublished":89,"encodingFormat":88,"isAccessibleForFree":90,"interactionStatistic":91},"DigitalDocument",{"name":83,"@type":84},"LangkahRina","Person",{"url":68,"name":86,"@type":87},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-13",true,{"@type":92,"interactionType":93,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":94},"ViewAction",{"@type":96,"mainEntity":97},"FAQPage",[98,104,108],{"name":99,"@type":100,"acceptedAnswer":101},"What does a peptide consist of according to the handbook?","Question",{"text":102,"@type":103},"A peptide is described as a chain of amino acids linked by amide or peptide bonds (covalent peptide bonds).","Answer",{"name":105,"@type":100,"acceptedAnswer":106},"How are peptide termini and backbone features defined?",{"text":107,"@type":103},"The handbook defines the end with a free α-amino group as the N-terminal residue and the end with a free carboxyl group as the C-terminal residue, and it names the backbone carbon as the α carbon (Cα).",{"name":109,"@type":100,"acceptedAnswer":110},"Which biomedical research areas are covered under peptide applications?",{"text":111,"@type":103},"The table of contents lists applications including structural biology, disease pathogenesis, antibody generation, vaccine development, drug discovery and development, immunotherapy, cell penetration-based applications, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, cosmetics, and food industry.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":114,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":86,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":116,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":118,"site_id":56},571474,1791919354,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":121},{"doc_id":118,"user_id":122,"nickname":83,"user_avatar":123,"doc_module":9,"category_id":35,"category_name":36,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":124,"file_id":125,"file_url":126,"file_type":127,"file_size":128,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":129,"language":130,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":131,"faqs":132,"seo_title":133,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":119,"read_time":134},962090893776,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Peptide Handbook  \n[www.GenScript.com](www.GenScript.com)  \nGenScript USA Inc.  \n860 Centennial Ave.  \nPiscataway, NJ 08854 USA  \nPhone: 1-732-885-9188 Toll-Free: 1-877-436-7274  \nFax: 1-732-885-5878  \nA Guide to Peptide Design and Applications in Biomedical Research  \nFirst Edition  \nSALE  \nTake 20% off your next GenScript peptide services order Promo Code: PEPHB20%  \nReliable Synthesis of High-Quality Peptides  \nby GenScript  \nFlexPeptideTM Peptide Synthesis Platform which takes advantage of the latest peptide synthesis technologies generates a large capacity for the quick synthesis of high-quality peptides in a variety of lengths, quantities, purities and modifications.  \n Total Quality Management System based on multiple rounds of MS and HPLC analyses during and after peptide synthesis ensures the synthesis of  \nhigh-quality peptides free of contaminants, and provides reports on peptide solubility, quality and content.  \n Diverse Delivery Options help customers plan their peptide-based research according to their time schedule and with peace of mind.  \n ArgonShield™ Packing eliminates the experimental variation caused by oxidization and deliquescence of custom peptides through an innovative packing and delivery technology.  \n Expert Support offered by Ph. D.-level scientists guides customers from peptide design and synthesis to reconstitution and application.  \n[https://www.genscript.com/peptide-services.html](https://www.genscript.com/peptide-services.html)[ ](https://www.genscript.com/peptide-services.html)[https://www.genscript.com/peptide-handbook.html](https://www.genscript.com/peptide-handbook.html)  \nTable of Contents  \n The Universe of Peptides  \n Molecular structure  3  \n Characteristics  5  \n Categories and biological functions  8  \n Analytical methods  10  \n Application of Peptides  \n Research in structural biology  12  \n Research in disease pathogenesis  12  \n Generating antibodies  13  \n Vaccine development  14  \n Drug discovery and development  15  \n Immunotherapy  17  \n Cell penetration-based applications  18  \n Anti-microorganisms applications  19  \n Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine  20  \n Cosmetics  21  \n Food industry  21  \n Synthesis of Peptides  \n Chemical synthesis  23  \n Microwave-assisted technology  24  \n Ligation technology  26  \n Recombinant technology  28  \n Modifications  28  \n Purification  30  \n Product identity and quality control  31  \n Reconstitution, storage and handling  32  \n Delivery formats  34  \n Considerations in peptide design  35  \n Future of Peptides  38  \n Resources on Peptides  \n Peptide-related tools  40  \n Troubleshooting guide  41  \n References  44  \n1  \nChapter One  \nThe Universe of Peptides  \nMolecular Structure  \nThe word peptide, derived from the Greek word “peptós/digested,” refers to a chain of amino acids (AAs) linked together via amide or peptide bonds. The formation of the covalent peptide bond is an example of a condensation reaction, which generates water from the combination of the α-carboxyl group of one AA and the α-amino group of another. An AA unit within a peptide chain is called a \"residue”. A peptide can be as short as two residues with only one peptide bond (named “dipeptide”) or as long as several residues forming a continuous and unbranched peptide chain (named “oligopeptide” if containing \u003C20 AAs or polypeptide if containing >20 AAs) . Proteins are comprised of many peptide chains and sometimes the terms “polypeptide” and“protein” are used interchangeably. There are several different conventions for making a distinction between the two, but in general, molecules referred to as polypeptides have molecular weights (MWs) below 10,000 Daltons or less than 50 AAs, and molecules above these limits are considered as proteins (Lehninger et al.)  \nPeptide Bond Formation  \nAmino Acid 1 Amino Acid 2  \nR  \n R  \nH  O   \nN   H  H  O  \n H N  H  \nH O  H  \nH O  \nDipeptide Water  \nR O  \nH H  \nH    N    H  O   H  \nN ~~ ~~  O H  \n H   \nH O R  \nPeptide Bond  \n3  \nIn a","cbCaicAmrm9xr3fM","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicAmrm9xr3fM","pdf",10066535,26,"English","# The Universe of Peptides\n## Molecular structure\n## Characteristics\n## Categories and biological functions\n## Analytical methods\n# Application of Peptides\n## Research in structural biology\n## Research in disease pathogenesis\n## Generating antibodies\n## Vaccine development\n## Drug discovery and development\n## Immunotherapy\n## Cell penetration-based applications\n## Anti-microorganisms applications\n## Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine\n## Cosmetics\n## Food industry\n# Synthesis of Peptides\n## Chemical synthesis\n## Microwave-assisted technology\n## Ligation technology\n## Recombinant technology\n## Modifications\n## Purification\n## Product identity and quality control\n## Reconstitution, storage and handling\n## Delivery formats\n## Considerations in peptide design\n## Future of Peptides\n# Resources on Peptides\n## Peptide-related tools\n## Troubleshooting guide\n## References","[{\"question\":\"What does a peptide consist of according to the handbook?\",\"answer\":\"A peptide is described as a chain of amino acids linked by amide or peptide bonds (covalent peptide bonds).\"},{\"question\":\"How are peptide termini and backbone features defined?\",\"answer\":\"The handbook defines the end with a free α-amino group as the N-terminal residue and the end with a free carboxyl group as the C-terminal residue, and it names the backbone carbon as the α carbon (Cα).\"},{\"question\":\"Which biomedical research areas are covered under peptide applications?\",\"answer\":\"The table of contents lists applications including structural biology, disease pathogenesis, antibody generation, vaccine development, drug discovery and development, immunotherapy, cell penetration-based applications, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, cosmetics, and food industry.\"}]","Peptide Handbook - A Guide to Peptide Design and Applications in Biomedical Research - First Edition | PDF",9]