[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-192190-105":53,"doc-detail-192190-en":127},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":120,"head_meta":122,"extra_data":124,"updated_unix":126},105,"en","naismith-et-al-2018","Naismith et al. 2018","","The provided document presents data from a study by Naismith et al. (2018) concerning language acquisition or performance across different language levels and native languages (L1). It features several bar charts illustrating various metrics, likely related to language proficiency or error rates, denoted by 'AG' on the y-axis. The data is segmented by L1 (Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Spanish) and competency levels, which are further categorized as Level 3 (Intermediate), Level 4 (Upper-Intermediate), and Level 5 (Advanced), as well as 'Low', 'Medium', and 'High' proficiency groupings in some charts. Some tables present raw numerical data corresponding to these levels and languages, potentially counts of something like words, sentences, or errors. The error bars on the bar charts indicate variability or statistical significance in the results. The study appears to investigate how L1 influences performance across different proficiency levels in a target language, with consistent trends observed where higher proficiency levels generally correlate with higher 'AG' scores across most languages. The Chinese, Spanish, and Japanese languages seem to show the highest scores at advanced levels, while Arabic and Korean also exhibit a strong upward trend. The 'Low', 'Medium', 'High' categorization in the second chart aligns with the tiered levels, showing a clear progression in the 'AG' metric. This research contributes to understanding language learning dynamics and potential cross-linguistic differences.",{"@graph":63,"@context":119},[64,80,102],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/naismith-et-al-2018/192190/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/naismith-et-al-2018/192190.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"8796093062539","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-06","2026-09-03",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":101},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",8,{"@type":103,"mainEntity":104},"FAQPage",[105,111,115],{"name":106,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":108},"What is the main focus of the Naismith et al. 2018 study?","Question",{"text":109,"@type":110},"The study focuses on language acquisition or performance across different language levels and native languages (L1), as illustrated by bar charts and tables.","Answer",{"name":112,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":113},"How are proficiency levels represented in the data?",{"text":114,"@type":110},"Proficiency levels are categorized as Level 3 (Intermediate), Level 4 (Upper-Intermediate), and Level 5 (Advanced), and also as 'Low', 'Medium', and 'High'.",{"name":116,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What does the 'AG' on the y-axis likely represent?",{"text":118,"@type":110},"The 'AG' on the y-axis likely represents a metric related to language proficiency, performance, or potentially error rates, showing trends across different languages and proficiency levels.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":121,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":123,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":125,"site_id":56},192190,1788413549,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":128},{"doc_id":125,"user_id":129,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":60,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":101,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":126,"read_time":76},8796093062539,"| Level | Arab | Chin | Japan | Korea | Span |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 3\u003Cbr>(Intermediate) | 844 | 307 | 89 | 408 | 116 |\n| 4\u003Cbr>(Upper-Int.) | 1659 | 1001 | 400 | 1191 | 234 |\n| 5\u003Cbr>(Advanced) | 1229 | 851 | 271 | 797 | 184 |\n\n\n| Level | Arab | Chin | Japan | Korea | Span |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 3\u003Cbr>(Intermediate) | 131 | 48 | 14 | 63 | 13 |\n| 4\u003Cbr>(Upper-Int.) | 210 | 101 | 39 | 120 | 29 |\n| 5\u003Cbr>(Advanced) | 141 | 71 | 27 | 86 | 20 |\n\n\n| Level | Arab | Chin | Japan | Korea | Span |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 3 | 0.63\u003Cbr>(0.23) | 0.64\u003Cbr>(0.23) | 0.66\u003Cbr>(0.17) | 0.77\u003Cbr>(0.22) | 0.67\u003Cbr>(0.15) |\n| 4 | 0.75\u003Cbr>(0.25) | 0.80\u003Cbr>(0.28) | 0.83\u003Cbr>(0.26) | 0.78\u003Cbr>(0.21) | 0.88\u003Cbr>(0.31) |\n| 5 | 0.85\u003Cbr>(0.33) | 1.06\u003Cbr>(0.32) | 1.05\u003Cbr>(0.29) | 0.94\u003Cbr>(0.31) | 1.03\u003Cbr>(0.23) |\n\n| Level | Arab | Chin | Japan | Korea | Span |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 3 | 0.33\u003Cbr>(0.19) | 0.31\u003Cbr>(0.16) | 0.32\u003Cbr>(0.19) | 0.47\u003Cbr>(0.22) | 0.33\u003Cbr>(0.10) |\n| 4 | 0.57\u003Cbr>(0.28) | 0.64\u003Cbr>(0.31) | 0.63\u003Cbr>(0.30) | 0.59\u003Cbr>(0.23) | 0.72\u003Cbr>(0.39) |\n| 5 | 0.74\u003Cbr>(0.37) | 0.99\u003Cbr>(0.40) | 0.94\u003Cbr>(0.40) | 0.88\u003Cbr>(0.37) | 0.97\u003Cbr>(0.34) |\n\n| Level | Arab | Chin | Japan | Korea | Span |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| low | 0.34\u003Cbr>(0.22) | 0.37\u003Cbr>(0.26) | 0.34\u003Cbr>(0.20) | 0.38\u003Cbr>(0.21) | 0.43\u003Cbr>(0.23) |\n| medium | 0.48\u003Cbr>(0.26) | 0.58\u003Cbr>(0.31) | 0.51\u003Cbr>(0.20) | 0.60\u003Cbr>(0.21) | 0.55\u003Cbr>(0.23) |\n| high | 0.82\u003Cbr>(0.44) | 0.91\u003Cbr>(0.42) | 0.68\u003Cbr>(0.30) | 0.83\u003Cbr>(0.41) | 0.79\u003Cbr>(0.38) |\n\n| Level | Arab | Chin | Japan | Korea | Span |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| low | 0.31\u003Cbr>(0.24) | 0.35\u003Cbr>(0.27) | 0.30\u003Cbr>(0.22) | 0.33\u003Cbr>(0.21) | 0.44\u003Cbr>(0.25) |\n| medium | 0.49\u003Cbr>(0.32) | 0.60\u003Cbr>(0.37) | 0.548\u003Cbr>(0.28) | 0.57\u003Cbr>(0.31) | 0.57\u003Cbr>(0.33) |\n| high | 0.95\u003Cbr>(0.51) | 1.02\u003Cbr>(0.53) | 0.74\u003Cbr>(0.38) | 0.87\u003Cbr>(0.46) | 0.93\u003Cbr>(0.48) |","cbCaiq12n5XWyTIT","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiq12n5XWyTIT","pdf",565767,7,"English","# Naismith et al. 2018","[{\"question\":\"What is the main focus of the Naismith et al. 2018 study?\",\"answer\":\"The study focuses on language acquisition or performance across different language levels and native languages (L1), as illustrated by bar charts and tables.\"},{\"question\":\"How are proficiency levels represented in the data?\",\"answer\":\"Proficiency levels are categorized as Level 3 (Intermediate), Level 4 (Upper-Intermediate), and Level 5 (Advanced), and also as 'Low', 'Medium', and 'High'.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the 'AG' on the y-axis likely represent?\",\"answer\":\"The 'AG' on the y-axis likely represents a metric related to language proficiency, performance, or potentially error rates, showing trends across different languages and proficiency levels.\"}]","Naismith et al. 2018 | PDF"]