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The handbook also explains spelling, punctuation, commas, hyphens, capitalization, and treatment of names, titles, and foreign-language terms, helping authors produce consistent, professional academic writing.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/","Template",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/paper-templates/","Paper Templates",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/mla-handbook-ninth-edition-formatting-and-research-paper-style-guide/238071/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/mla-handbook-ninth-edition-formatting-and-research-paper-style-guide/238071.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Aria","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-07","2026-09-11",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What does MLA Handbook Ninth edition cover for research projects?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"It covers project-wide formatting such as margins, text formatting, titles, running heads, internal headings and subheadings, and how to place and integrate the list of works cited.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How does the handbook address punctuation and commas?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"It provides rules for punctuation and comma usage, including when a comma is necessary, between coordinate adjectives, before coordinating conjunctions, and in specific sentence structures.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Does MLA Handbook explain how to format titles, names, and foreign language terms?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Yes. It includes guidance for capitalization and punctuation of titles, styling titles, handling proper nouns, names of organizations, and the use of foreign language terms in an English-language text.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},238071,1790268898,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,93,98,103,108,113,118,122],{"id":55,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":89,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":90,"show_sort_weight":91,"slug":92},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":94,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":99,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":100,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":104,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":105,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":107},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":109,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":110,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":112},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":114,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":115,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":119,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},21,5,"papers-templates",{"id":123,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":125},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":127},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":128,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":22,"category_id":119,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":140,"read_time":141},2336464648322,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2200025388227c56fec?_k=1778556882303663488","MLA Handbook  \nNinth edition  \nThe Modern Language Association of America New York 2021  \n© 2021 by The Modern Language Association of America  \nPublished by The Modern Language Association of America  \n85 Broad Street, Suite 500, New York, New York 10004-2434  \n[www.mla.org](www.mla.org)  \nAll rights reserved. MLA and the MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION are trademarks owned by the Modern Language Association of America. Except as allowable by applicable copyright law, written permission from the publisher is required to reproduce or distribute MLA copyrighted material. For permission requests, [e-mail](e-mail permissions@mla.org)[ permissions@mla.org](e-mail permissions@mla.org).  \nTo order MLA publications, go to [mla.org/books](mla.org/books. For)[. For](mla.org/books. For) wholesale and international orders, see[mla.org/Bookstore-Orders](mla.org/Bookstore-Orders).  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data  \nName: Modern Language Association of America.  \nTitle: MLA handbook / Modern Language Association of America. Other titles: MLA handbook for writers of research papers.  \nDescription: Ninth edition. | New York, New York : The Modern Language Association of America, 2021. | Includes bibliographical references and index.  \nIdentifiers: LCCN 2020039581 (print) | LCCN 2020039582 (e-book) | ISBN 9781603293518 (paperback) | ISBN 9781603295611 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781603295628 (spiral bound) | ISBN 9781603293525 (EPUB)  \nSubjects: LCSH: Report writing—Handbooks, manuals, etc. | Research—Handbooks, manuals, etc. Classification: LCC LB2369 .M52 2021 (print) | LCC LB2369 (ebook) | DDC 808.02/7—dc23  \nLC record available at [https://lccn.loc.gov/2020039581](https://lccn.loc.gov/2020039581)  \nLC e-book record available at [https://lccn.loc.gov/2020039582](https://lccn.loc.gov/2020039582)  \nContents  \nPreface  \nAcknowledgments  \nIntroduction  \n1. Formatting Your Research Project  \n[1.1] Margins  \n[1.2] Text Formatting  \n[1.3] Title  \n[1.4] Running Head and Page Numbers  \n[1.5] Internal Headings and Subheadings  \n[1.6] Placement of the List of Works Cited  \n[1.7] Tables and Illustrations  \n[1.8] Lists  \n[1.9] Integrated into Your Prose  \n[1.10] Set Vertically  \n[1.11] Lists introduced with a complete sentence  \n[1.12] Lists that continue the sentence introducing them  \n[1.13] Paper and Printing  \n[1.14] Proofreading and Spellcheckers  \n[1.15] Binding a Printed Paper  \n[1.16] Electronic Submission  \n2. Mechanics of Prose  \n[2.1] Spelling  \n[2.2] Dictionaries  \n[2.3] Plurals  \n[2.4] Punctuation  \n[2.5] Commas  \n[2.6] When a comma is necessary  \n[2.7] Before a coordinating conjunction joining independent clauses  \n[2.8] Between coordinate adjectives  \n[2.9] To set offparenthetical comments  \n[2.10] After long introductory phrases and clauses [2.11] With contrasting phrases  \n[2.12] In series  \n[2.13] With dates and locations  \n[2.14] With nonrestrictive modifiers [2.15] When a comma is incorrect  \n[2.16] Subject and verb  \n[2.17] Verb and object  \n[2.18] Parts ofa compound subject  \n[2.19] Parts ofa compound object  \n[2.20] Two verbs that share a subject  \n[2.21] Two subordinate elements that are parallel [2.22] When a comma is optional  \n[2.23] With short introductory phrases and clauses [2.24] Around specific words  \n[2.25] Before some coordinating conjunctions [2.26] Semicolons  \n[2.27] Colons  \n[2.28] Dashes and Parentheses [2.29] To enclose an interruption [2.30] To prevent misreading  \n[2.31] To introduce an elaboration or an example [2.32] To introduce a list  \n[2.33] Hyphens  \n[2.34] When to hyphenate compound adjectives before a noun [2.35] Adverbs  \n[2.36] Number-noun combinations  \n[2.37] Prepositional phrases  \n[2.38] Clarity  \n[2.39] When not to hyphenate compound adjectives before a noun [2.40] Adverbs  \n[2.41] Comparatives and superlatives  \n[2.42] Familiar compound terms  \n[2.43] Foreign language terms  \n[2.44] Proper nouns  \n[2.45] Hyphens before suppressed words [2.46] Hyphens with prefixes  \n[2.47] Hyphens in fr","cbCairojUFSk7xA8","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairojUFSk7xA8","pdf",12168444,459,"English","# Preface\n# Acknowledgments\n# Introduction\n# 1. Formatting Your Research Project\n## Margins\n## Text Formatting\n## Title\n## Running Head and Page Numbers\n## Internal Headings and Subheadings\n## Placement of the List of Works Cited\n## Tables and Illustrations\n## Lists\n## Integrated into Your Prose\n# 2. Mechanics of Prose\n## Spelling\n## Dictionaries\n## Plurals\n## Punctuation\n## Commas\n## Semicolons\n## Colons\n## Dashes and Parentheses\n## Hyphens\n## Apostrophes","[{\"question\":\"What does MLA Handbook Ninth edition cover for research projects?\",\"answer\":\"It covers project-wide formatting such as margins, text formatting, titles, running heads, internal headings and subheadings, and how to place and integrate the list of works cited.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the handbook address punctuation and commas?\",\"answer\":\"It provides rules for punctuation and comma usage, including when a comma is necessary, between coordinate adjectives, before coordinating conjunctions, and in specific sentence structures.\"},{\"question\":\"Does MLA Handbook explain how to format titles, names, and foreign language terms?\",\"answer\":\"Yes. It includes guidance for capitalization and punctuation of titles, styling titles, handling proper nouns, names of organizations, and the use of foreign language terms in an English-language text.\"}]","MLA Handbook - Ninth Edition - Formatting and Research Paper Style Guide | PDF",1789130528,161]