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Results from principal components analysis identify three coping factors—positive adaptation, negative adaptation, and positive refocusing—and intention-to-treat tests show intervention benefits versus waitlist controls, with no significant effects for negative adaptation coping.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/","Template",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/presentations/","Presentations",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/mindfulness-intervention-improves-coping-and-perceptions-of-childrens-behavior-among-families-with-elevated-risk/563178/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/mindfulness-intervention-improves-coping-and-perceptions-of-childrens-behavior-among-families-with-elevated-risk/563178.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Melati","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-10-12",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":33},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"What population was studied and why is it significant?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"The study focused on 53 families with elevated risk, including families involved with child protective services and/or receiving financial assistance. This group is typically underrepresented in mindfulness intervention research.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"What coping strategies and factors were identified?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"A principal components analysis identified three coping factors: positive adaptation, negative adaptation, and positive refocusing. These represent distinct ways participants regulate coping in response to stress.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"Which intervention effects were found compared with the waitlist control?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"Intention-to-treat results showed significant improvements in positive refocusing and positive adaptation coping and in perceptions of children’s behavior problems. 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Krause * and Samantha M. Brown   \nCitation: Krause, J.T.; Brown, S.M. Mindfulness Intervention Improves Coping and Perceptions of Children's Behavior among Families with Elevated Risk. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 7092. [https://](https://)[ ](https://)[doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20237092](doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20237092)  \nAcademic Editor: Walter Schumm  \nReceived: 5 October 2023  \nRevised: 17 November 2023  \nAccepted: 18 November 2023  \nPublished: 21 November 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \nDepartment of Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1570, USA  \n* [Correspondence: jill.krause@colostate.edu](Correspondence: jill.krause@colostate.edu); Tel.: +1-970-491-5719  \nAbstract: Mindfulness-informed interventions (MIIs) are increasingly common but have not been extensively studied among families with elevated levels of risk (e.g., those involved in child protective services and/or receiving financial assistance) . These families often experience high rates of stressors that can impact coping strategies, interpersonal dynamics, and relationships. Given that mindfulness has been shown to promote health and wellbeing, this study used a sample from two pilot randomized controlled trials to test the extent to which a mindfulness-informed intervention improved coping strategies and perceptions of children's behavior among 53 families with elevated risk. A principal components analysis with a direct oblimin rotation revealed that cognitive–emotion coping strategies could be characterized by three factors: positive adaptation, negative adaptation, and positive refocusing. Intention-to-treat analysis indicated significant group by time differences, with intervention participants demonstrating improvements in positive refocusing coping, positive adaptation coping, and perceptions of children's behavior problems compared to participants in the waitlist control group. No significant differences were found for negative adaptation coping strategies. Findings provide preliminary support for the benefits of mindfulness training in a sample generally underrepresented in the mindfulness intervention literature.  \nKeywords: children's behavior; cognitive coping; mindfulness-based intervention; parenting; underrepresented families  \n1. Introduction  \nThe proliferation of mindfulness research in recent years has led to an abundance of mindfulness-informed interventions (MIIs [1–4]), including those specifically targeting parents (e.g., [5,6]; see [7] for a review of MIIs, parenting stress, and youth outcomes) . Mindfulness, or the ability to pay attention to the present moment with nonjudgment and curiosity [8], has been associated with lower rates of depression, rumination, and anxiety [9], increased persistence when facing adversity [10], and measures of inhibition and working memory [11] . Mindfulness interventions designed specifically for parents often examine children's behavioral outcomes and show significant improvements postintervention [12–14] . Indeed, studies show that mindfulness is significantly associated with lower levels of both internalizing and externalizing behaviors in children across developmental stages [15,16] . Children's behavior problems are a risk factor for later health and development problems, such as lower academic achievement [17] and deficits in selfregulation [18,19] . In addition, they are associated with increases in parenting stress [20] . Several studies have found evidence that b","cbCaitRG1RuRuadq","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitRG1RuRuadq","pdf",958775,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Methods and Measures\n# Results\n# Discussion\n# Conclusions","[{\"question\":\"What population was studied and why is it significant?\",\"answer\":\"The study focused on 53 families with elevated risk, including families involved with child protective services and/or receiving financial assistance. This group is typically underrepresented in mindfulness intervention research.\"},{\"question\":\"What coping strategies and factors were identified?\",\"answer\":\"A principal components analysis identified three coping factors: positive adaptation, negative adaptation, and positive refocusing. These represent distinct ways participants regulate coping in response to stress.\"},{\"question\":\"Which intervention effects were found compared with the waitlist control?\",\"answer\":\"Intention-to-treat results showed significant improvements in positive refocusing and positive adaptation coping and in perceptions of children’s behavior problems. No significant differences were observed for negative adaptation coping.\"}]","Mindfulness Intervention Improves Coping and Perceptions of Children's Behavior among Families with Elevated Risk | PDF",1791819340,6]