[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-194721-105":53,"doc-detail-194721-en":126},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":119,"head_meta":121,"extra_data":123,"updated_unix":125},105,"en","martin-and-mccrain-2019-local-news-and-national-politics","Martin and McCrain - 2019 - Local News and National Politics","","Empirical analysis evaluates how Sinclair’s station ownership affects local news viewing patterns and the salience of local and national politics topics. The study summarizes station coverage characteristics across DMAs, then tracks national-average trends and market-level changes around Sinclair acquisitions in 2017. Regression results relate DMA characteristics and topic weights to Sinclair ownership using cross-sectional and differences-in-differences specifications, including local weighted trends and estimated text-based ideological slant.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/martin-and-mccrain-2019-local-news-and-national-politics/194721/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/martin-and-mccrain-2019-local-news-and-national-politics/194721.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Finn","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-20","2026-09-03",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":73},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"How is Sinclair ownership represented across DMAs in the study?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"A map groups DMAs by whether Sinclair owns one station or two, and highlights DMAs where Sinclair acquired stations in 2017. Distinct DMAs are outlined with light gray borders, separating pre-2017 patterns from post-acquisition areas.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What time scale is used when summarizing stations and shows?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"Timeblocks refer to 30-minute periods. Shows are differentiated by the title of the program broadcast during each 30-minute timeblock, which supports the station summary statistics reported in the tables.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What modeling approach is used to estimate effects of Sinclair ownership?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"The analysis uses cross-sectional and differences-in-differences regressions. Specifications include time-slot and day-of-week dummies and vary in fixed effects, with some models restricting to markets where Sinclair acquired at least one station in 2017.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},194721,1788442003,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":73,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":125,"read_time":47},34359740700684,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1f400023980c374ae676?_k=1777273430885731487","| FIGURE 1 . Map of Sinclair Ownership by DMA |\n| --- |\n|  |\n| The plot on the left shows DMAs pre-2017in which Sinclair owns 1 (light color) or 2 (dark color) stations. The plot on the right shows DMAs in which Sinclair acquired a station in 2017 . The light gray borders outline distinct DMAs. |\n\n| TABLE 1 . Station Summary Statistics |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  | Overall |  |  | Sinclair only |  |  |\n|  | Total | Mean | S. D. | Total | Mean | S. D. |\n| Unique stations Total DMAs Distinct shows Timeblocks | 743\u003Cbr>210\u003Cbr>6,710\u003Cbr>5,771 | —\u003Cbr>—\u003Cbr>9.7\u003Cbr>7.8 | —\u003Cbr>—\u003Cbr>15.7\u003Cbr>2.3 | 99\u003Cbr>72\u003Cbr>665\u003Cbr>601 | —\u003Cbr>—\u003Cbr>7.9\u003Cbr>7.2 | —\u003Cbr>—\u003Cbr>4.3\u003Cbr>2.7 |\n| Timeblocks refers to 30-minute periods. Shows are differentiated by the title of the program broadcast during a 30-minute timeblock. |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n\n\n| FIGURE 2 . National-Average Trends in Local News Viewership (a), National Politics Topics Weight (b), and Local Politics Topics Weight (c) Around the Time of Sinclair’s Acquitision of Bonten in September 2017 |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| | | |\n| Line are monthly averages among all Sinclair-owned stations (darker lines) and all non-Sinclair owned stations (lighter lines) across the United States. |  |  |\n\n\n| FIGURE 3 . Trends in (a) Local and (b) National Politics Coverage; (c) Ideological Slant; and (d) Viewership in Markets Affected by a New Sinclair Acquisition |\n| --- |\n|  |\n| Figures includeonly stations located in aDMAin which Sinclair acquired a station in2017–the former Bonten Group markets. Points are daily average values across stations in the indicated group; lines are a locally weighted regression smoother. Darker lines/dots indicate stations acquired by Sinclair; lighter lines/dots indicate other stations in the same markets that were not acquired. The date of acquisition is noted by the vertical dashed line. |\n\n| FIGURE 4 . The Density of Estimated Text-Based Slant, Aggregated to the Station Level |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| | |\n| The lighter-shaded density is non-Sinclair stations; the darker-shaded density is Sinclair-owned stations. |  |\n\n\n| TABLE 2 . Regressions of DMA Characteristics on Sinclair Ownership, Pre-2017 Stations |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  | R vote %\u003Cbr>(1) | Pop (MM)\u003Cbr>(2) | White %\u003Cbr>(3) | % College\u003Cbr>(4) | % Income $ 100k\u003Cbr>(5) | % Age $ 60\u003Cbr>(6) |\n| Sinclair pre-2017 station Sinclair 2017 acquisition Constant\u003Cbr>N\u003Cbr>R2 | 20.006\u003Cbr>(0.013)\u003Cbr>0.035\u003Cbr>(0.059)\u003Cbr>0.535***\u003Cbr>(0.009)\u003Cbr>694\u003Cbr>0.002 | 20.612**\u003Cbr>(0.283)\u003Cbr>21.404***\u003Cbr>(0.282)\u003Cbr>1.704***\u003Cbr>(0.276)\u003Cbr>700\u003Cbr>0.008 | 0.028**\u003Cbr>(0.012)\u003Cbr>0.053\u003Cbr>(0.041)\u003Cbr>0.788***\u003Cbr>(0.009)\u003Cbr>700\u003Cbr>0.008 | 20.004\u003Cbr>(0.010)\u003Cbr>20.040\u003Cbr>(0.026)\u003Cbr>0.354***\u003Cbr>(0.007)\u003Cbr>700\u003Cbr>0.003 | 20.010*\u003Cbr>(0.006)\u003Cbr>20.053***\u003Cbr>(0.009)\u003Cbr>0.195***\u003Cbr>(0.005)\u003Cbr>700\u003Cbr>0.015 | 0.002\u003Cbr>(0.004)\u003Cbr>0.018**\u003Cbr>(0.009)\u003Cbr>0.210***\u003Cbr>(0.002)\u003Cbr>700\u003Cbr>0.005 |\n| *p , 0.1; **p , 0.05; ***p , 0.01. |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n\n\n| TABLE 3 . Cross-Sectional and Differences-in-Differences Regressions of Local Politics Topics Weight on Sinclair Ownership |  |  |  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  | Weight on local politics topics |  |  |  |  |\n|  | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |\n| Sinclair pre-2017 station | 20.029*** | 20.037*** |  |  |  |\n| Sinclair 2017 acquisition | (0.004) | (0.004) | 20.008\u003Cbr>(0.031) | 20.010\u003Cbr>(0.009) |  |\n| Post-September 2017 |  |  | 20.006 | 20.007 | 20.006 |\n| Sinclair 2017 3 post-September |  |  | (0.004)\u003Cbr>20.014** | (0.004)\u003Cbr>20.013* | (0.004)\u003Cbr>20.014** |\n| Time slot dummies\u003Cbr>Day-of-week dummies\u003Cbr>Fixed effects | Y\u003Cbr>Y\u003Cbr>None | Y\u003Cbr>Y\u003Cbr>DMA | (0.006)\u003Cbr>Y\u003Cbr>Y\u003Cbr>None | (0.007)\u003Cbr>Y\u003Cbr>Y\u003Cbr>DMA | (0.007)\u003Cbr>Y\u003Cbr>Y\u003Cbr>DMA 3 show |\n| N | 7,182,509 | 7,090,507 | 188,806 | 188,806 | 188,806 |\n| R2 | 0.009 | 0.062 | 0.015 | 0.067 | 0.083 |\n| *p , 0.1; **p , 0.05; ***p , 0.01.\u003Cbr>Standard errors(clustered by station)in parentheses. An ","cbCairrCrUb0LuBP","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairrCrUb0LuBP","pdf",4139543,13,"English","# Figure 1 - Map of Sinclair Ownership by DMA\n# Table 1 - Station Summary Statistics\n# Figure 2 - National-Average Trends in Local News Viewership and Politics Topics\n# Figure 3 - Trends in Local/National Politics Coverage and Ideological Slant\n# Figure 4 - Density of Estimated Text-Based Slant\n# Table 2 - Regressions of DMA Characteristics on Sinclair Ownership\n# Table 3 - Regressions of Local Politics Topics Weight on Sinclair Ownership\n# Table 4 - Regressions of National Politics Topics Weight on Sinclair Ownership\n# Table 5 - Regressions of Estimated Text-Based Slant on Sinclair Ownership","[{\"question\":\"How is Sinclair ownership represented across DMAs in the study?\",\"answer\":\"A map groups DMAs by whether Sinclair owns one station or two, and highlights DMAs where Sinclair acquired stations in 2017. Distinct DMAs are outlined with light gray borders, separating pre-2017 patterns from post-acquisition areas.\"},{\"question\":\"What time scale is used when summarizing stations and shows?\",\"answer\":\"Timeblocks refer to 30-minute periods. Shows are differentiated by the title of the program broadcast during each 30-minute timeblock, which supports the station summary statistics reported in the tables.\"},{\"question\":\"What modeling approach is used to estimate effects of Sinclair ownership?\",\"answer\":\"The analysis uses cross-sectional and differences-in-differences regressions. Specifications include time-slot and day-of-week dummies and vary in fixed effects, with some models restricting to markets where Sinclair acquired at least one station in 2017.\"}]","Martin and McCrain - 2019 - Local News and National Politics | PDF"]