[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-246329-105":53,"doc-detail-246329-en":127},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":120,"head_meta":122,"extra_data":124,"updated_unix":126},105,"en","managing-construction-site-communication-using-responsibility-assignment-matrix-ram-system","Managing Construction Site Communication Using Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM) System","","Construction defects create major waste in the UK construction sector, driven largely by communication failures between organisations working on the same site. The BIM strategy is mandated to reduce costs by 33% and accelerate delivery by 50%, yet BIM Level 3 still depends on consistent, platform-based communication across all involved parties. This study builds a communication framework using a Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM) to assign communication tools to organisations across construction stages, supported by two phases of data collection including literature review, site observation, and an online survey with 328 participants.",{"@graph":63,"@context":119},[64,80,102],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":11,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/presentations/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/managing-construction-site-communication-using-responsibility-assignment-matrix-ram-system/246329/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/managing-construction-site-communication-using-responsibility-assignment-matrix-ram-system/246329.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Levi","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-19","2026-09-12",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":101},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":103,"mainEntity":104},"FAQPage",[105,111,115],{"name":106,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":108},"Why do construction defects remain a major issue on UK sites?","Question",{"text":109,"@type":110},"Defects are mainly caused by communication failures between stakeholders, often intensified by reliance on 2D drawings that are not sufficiently clear for real coordination needs.","Answer",{"name":112,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":113},"How does the BIM strategy relate to the study’s communication focus?",{"text":114,"@type":110},"BIM is intended to cut cost and speed delivery, but achieving BIM Level 3 requires organisations to use a single platform and coordinated communication practices, which the study addresses.",{"name":116,"@type":107,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What is the role of the Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM) in this research?",{"text":118,"@type":110},"RAM is used to assign appropriate communication tools to each organisation according to construction stages, producing communication tool assignments through two phases of data collection (CTA1 and CTA2).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":121,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":123,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":125,"site_id":56},246329,1791749460,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":128},{"doc_id":125,"user_id":129,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":130,"doc_module":9,"category_id":8,"category_name":11,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":131,"file_id":132,"file_url":133,"file_type":134,"file_size":135,"view_count":101,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":45,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":140,"read_time":141},7971461740909,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Managing construction site communication using the responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) system  \nRaid Shrahilya, Benachir Medjdoubb, Hynda Klalibc, Moulay Chalalb and Mamdooh Alwetaishid  \naArchitecture Department, College of Engineering, Albaha University, Alaqiq, Saudi Arabia; bSchool of Architecture Design and The Built Environment, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom; cDepartment of Civil Engineering, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom; dDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia  \nABSTRACT  \nThe construction industry in the UK wastes £1 billion per year due to construction defects that are mainly caused by a communication failure between organisations operating on the construction site. Meanwhile, the introduction of the BIM strategy has become a mandatory requirement by the government in order to reduce costs by 33% and speed up project delivery by 50% without sacrificing quality. Since then, the industry has seen a global reaction to the BIM Level 2 programme and a significant cost-saving in the UK of £1.2 billion in 2014/15, rising from £840 million in 2013/14 . However, communication remains a major issue to achieve the BIM Level 3 as it requires all organisations involved to use a single platform to facili- tate communication. This paper, therefore, fits within the BIM implementation programme by addressing the communication issues and construction defects on-site toward formulating a communication frame-work for the construction industry in the UK. This will help optimise communication and manage con-struction defects efficiently. The study takes advantage of the Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM), the widely known management system and uses it to assign communication tools for each organisation in relation to the construction stages throughout two phases of data collection. Phase 1 involves two qualitative data collection methods of an in-depth review of the relevant literature (document analysis) and construction site observation. To facilitate site observation and data collection, the researcher colla- borated with GF Tomlinson group, a Derby-based construction company, as the case study. Phase 2 involves an online survey, targeting a total number of 328 participants, including professionals and aca-demics. Results of phase 1 are presented as the Communication Tools Assignment 1 (CTA1) and phase 2 results inform the Communication Tools Assignment 2 (CTA2) . The study contribution is to develop a framework that recommends the appropriate communication tools for organisations at different construc- tion stages, and which shows the possible types and causes of construction defects. Moreover, the study found three types of construction defects by applying 3D laser scanning for framework mentoring.  \nKEYWORDS  \nResponsibility assignment matrix; standard work breakdown structure; standard organisation breakdown structure; communication tools assignment; construction defects; BIM  \nIntroduction  \nThe construction defects generate unnecessary work and effort toredo the construction activities that are incorrect in the first place (Park et al. 2013) . Defects are mainly caused by communi-cation failures between stakeholders operating on construction sites (Wang 2007). The BRE (Building Research Establishment) stated that, every year, over £1 billion is spent on construction defects to repair or rebuild (Stupart 2003; Goh et al. 2014). This is due to a reliance on 2D drawings which is ineffective as the construction works are mostly planned by sketching over the 2D drawings. Some stated that such drawings are ineffective and prone to error as only experienced and well-trained organisations are able to generate a construction plan using 2D drawings (Wang 2007). Furthermore, the construction process involves several different organisations and stakeholders who have to work together in many activities that need to be organised. Ma","cbCaisPICkUnlXnk","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisPICkUnlXnk","pdf",3290562,"English","# Introduction\n## Communication failures and construction defects\n## BIM strategy and limitations\n## Communication tools and data exchange (2D/3D)\n# Methodology\n## RAM-based communication framework\n## Data collection phase 1\n## Data collection phase 2\n# Results and Discussion\n## Communication Tools Assignment (CTA1, CTA2)\n## Types of construction defects","[{\"question\":\"Why do construction defects remain a major issue on UK sites?\",\"answer\":\"Defects are mainly caused by communication failures between stakeholders, often intensified by reliance on 2D drawings that are not sufficiently clear for real coordination needs.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the BIM strategy relate to the study’s communication focus?\",\"answer\":\"BIM is intended to cut cost and speed delivery, but achieving BIM Level 3 requires organisations to use a single platform and coordinated communication practices, which the study addresses.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the role of the Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM) in this research?\",\"answer\":\"RAM is used to assign appropriate communication tools to each organisation according to construction stages, producing communication tool assignments through two phases of data collection (CTA1 and CTA2).\"}]","Managing Construction Site Communication Using Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM) System | PDF",1789234835,7]