[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-detail-573262-en":53,"doc-seo-573262-105":75},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":54},{"doc_id":55,"user_id":56,"nickname":57,"user_avatar":58,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":60,"doc_content":61,"file_id":62,"file_url":63,"file_type":64,"file_size":65,"view_count":66,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":67,"language":68,"language_code":69,"site_id":70,"html_lang":69,"table_of_contents":71,"faqs":72,"seo_title":73,"seo_description":60,"update_tm":74,"read_time":66},573262,2336477405376,"Stanley","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Managing Canine Acute Congestive Heart Failure Under Covid-19 Restrictions - Clinical Guide","Clinical guidance for recognizing and managing acute congestive heart failure (CHF) in dogs under Covid-19 restrictions. The material details key respiratory signs, differentiates causes such as pulmonary oedema versus pleural effusion, and outlines supportive evidence for underlying heart disease, including murmur/gallop and elevated NT-proBNP. It provides management considerations by breed size, emphasizing azotaemia risk, hypotension, and arrhythmia susceptibility, then presents a stepwise treatment plan from cage rest and oxygen to furosemide dosing, possible sedation, IV access with targeted bloodwork, and consideration of IV or oral pimobendan.","Essential Clinical Guides Series  \n“Managing Canine Acute Congestive Heart Failure  \nUnder Covid-19 Restrictions”  \nDr Pedro Oliveira, DVM, MRCVS, Diplomate ECVIM-CA (Cardiology),  \nEuropean and RCVS Recognised Specialist in Veterinary Cardiology  \nIdentifying congestive heart failure (CHF)  \n• Tachypnoea/dyspnoea and respiratory effort:  \no Pulmonary oedema: the presence of pulmonary oedema leads to a mixeddyspnoea with tachypnoea where the proportion of time spent in inspiration and expiration remains roughly the same length; the increase in effort depends on the severity of the oedema.  \no Pleural effusion: pleural effusion leads to a marked inspiratory effort due to restriction of lung expansion; the presence of abdominal effort is often present with discordance between the chest and abdominal movements (the abdomen contracts during inspiration) .  \n• Evidence of heart disease:  \no Does the patient have a known history of heart disease?  \no A heart murmur or gallop are suggestive of structural heart disease .  \no Cardiac arrhythmias are also suggestive of possible heart disease .  \no Elevated NT-proBNP levels in conjunction with a murmur or gallop rhythm is suggestive of congestive heart failure.  \nImportant note: tachycardia is a physiological compensatory mechanism secondary to reduction in cardiac output and is to be expected with congestive heart failure. A normal or low heart rate suggests another cause for the respiratory difficulties, particularly if sinus arrhythmia is present. There are exceptions to this rule.  \n© All Rights reserved to Virtual Veterinary Specialists Limited. Registered Company No. 10679671. A limited liability company incorporated in the United Kingdom. VAT Registration No. 268345672  \nManaging Canine Acute CHF – Covid-19 Guide  \nConsiderations  \n• Small breed middle aged-older dogs typically have mitral valve disease* .  \no More resilient and able to maintain blood pressure at appropriate levels because systolic function is maintained.  \no Care with pre-existing azotaemia as it will be worsened by diuretic treatment. Avoid prolonged high dosages of diuretics – once pulmonary oedema has resolved, aim to wean diuretic dose to lowest effective dose in order to protect renal function.  \n• Large breed dogs typically have primary myocardial disease (dilated cardiomyopathy) but some may also have chronic valvular degenerative disease.  \no Large breed dogs with primary myocardial disease will have systolic dysfunction.  \no Large breed dogs with valve disease may also have systolic dysfunction.  \no Dogs with systolic dysfunction are more prone to developing systemic hypotension.  \no Dogs with myocardial disease are more prone to arrhythmias. The type of arrhythmia tends to vary with the breed of dog e.g. Dobermans and Boxers commonly develop ventricular tachycardia, and Irish wolfhounds commonly develop atrial fibrillation. See our separate arrhythmia guides for further information.  \no Care with pre-existing azotaemia as it will be worsened by diuretic treatment. Avoid prolonged high dosages of diuretics – once pulmonary oedema has resolved, aim to wean diuretic dose to lowest effective dose in order to protect renal function.  \n2  \n© All Rights reserved to Virtual Veterinary Specialists Limited. Registered Company No. 10679671. A limited liability company incorporated in the United Kingdom. VAT Registration No. 268345672  \nManaging Canine Acute CHF – Covid-19 Guide  \nTreatment plan  \nStep 1: Cage rest and oxygen therapy.  \nStress has a very negative effect on patients in congestive heart failure. As soon as the patient arrives and CHF is suspected, placing them in a quiet and calm environment is the best course of action. If possible, include oxygen supplementation. An oxygen cage is the best option if available as it does not cause stress. Flow-by oxygen is also  \nacceptable but often not practical and the presence of an unfamiliar person administering the oxygen may also cause stress. Nasal prongs m","cbCaioqy9rYPQMu7","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioqy9rYPQMu7","pdf",156327,3,8,"English","en",105,"# Identifying congestive heart failure (CHF)\n## Respiratory signs and differentiating causes\n## Evidence of underlying heart disease\n# Managing Canine Acute CHF – Covid-19 Guide\n## Considerations by dog size and disease pattern\n## Treatment plan steps\n### Step 1: Cage rest and oxygen therapy\n### Step 2: Furosemide 2-4 mg/kg IV or IM\n### Step 3: Consider sedation if necessary\n### Step 4: IV access and blood analyses\n### Step 5: Consider IV pimobendan","[{\"question\":\"What respiratory findings suggest congestive heart failure in dogs?\",\"answer\":\"CHF can present with tachypnoea/dyspnoea and increased respiratory effort. Pulmonary oedema typically causes mixed dyspnoea with inspiration and expiration of roughly similar duration, while pleural effusion often produces marked inspiratory effort with abdominal effort and discordance between chest and abdominal movements.\"},{\"question\":\"How can clinicians assess whether heart disease is the underlying cause?\",\"answer\":\"Consider known history of heart disease, presence of a heart murmur or gallop (suggesting structural disease), and cardiac arrhythmias. Elevated NT-proBNP levels together with a murmur or gallop rhythm support congestive heart failure.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the recommended stepwise initial treatment plan for acute canine CHF under Covid-19 restrictions?\",\"answer\":\"Start with cage rest in a quiet, calm environment and provide oxygen supplementation if possible. Administer furosemide at 2–4 mg/kg IV or IM, with IM as an acceptable initial approach to avoid catheter stress. Consider sedation if the patient remains stressed, place an IV catheter and perform prioritized blood analyses including kidney function and electrolytes, and consider IV pimobendan once IV access is available (or oral if stable and stress is not increased).\"}]","Managing Canine Acute Congestive Heart Failure Under Covid-19 Restrictions - Clinical Guide | PDF",1791935845,{"code":4,"msg":76,"data":77},"ok",{"site_id":70,"language":69,"slug":78,"title":59,"keywords":79,"description":60,"schema_data":80,"social_meta":135,"head_meta":137,"extra_data":139,"updated_unix":140},"managing-canine-acute-congestive-heart-failure-under-covid-19-restrictions-clinical-guide","",{"@graph":81,"@context":134},[82,97,117],{"@type":83,"itemListElement":84},"BreadcrumbList",[85,89,92,94],{"item":86,"name":87,"@type":88,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":90,"name":10,"@type":88,"position":91},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":93,"name":51,"@type":88,"position":66},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",{"item":95,"name":59,"@type":88,"position":96},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/managing-canine-acute-congestive-heart-failure-under-covid-19-restrictions-clinical-guide/573262/",4,{"url":95,"name":59,"@type":98,"image":99,"author":104,"headline":59,"publisher":106,"fileFormat":109,"inLanguage":69,"description":60,"dateModified":110,"datePublished":111,"encodingFormat":109,"isAccessibleForFree":112,"interactionStatistic":113},"DigitalDocument",{"url":100,"@type":101,"width":102,"height":103},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/managing-canine-acute-congestive-heart-failure-under-covid-19-restrictions-clinical-guide/573262.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":57,"@type":105},"Person",{"url":86,"name":107,"@type":108},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-16","2026-10-13",true,{"@type":114,"interactionType":115,"userInteractionCount":66},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":116},"ViewAction",{"@type":118,"mainEntity":119},"FAQPage",[120,126,130],{"name":121,"@type":122,"acceptedAnswer":123},"What respiratory findings suggest congestive heart failure in dogs?","Question",{"text":124,"@type":125},"CHF can present with tachypnoea/dyspnoea and increased respiratory effort. Pulmonary oedema typically causes mixed dyspnoea with inspiration and expiration of roughly similar duration, while pleural effusion often produces marked inspiratory effort with abdominal effort and discordance between chest and abdominal movements.","Answer",{"name":127,"@type":122,"acceptedAnswer":128},"How can clinicians assess whether heart disease is the underlying cause?",{"text":129,"@type":125},"Consider known history of heart disease, presence of a heart murmur or gallop (suggesting structural disease), and cardiac arrhythmias. Elevated NT-proBNP levels together with a murmur or gallop rhythm support congestive heart failure.",{"name":131,"@type":122,"acceptedAnswer":132},"What is the recommended stepwise initial treatment plan for acute canine CHF under Covid-19 restrictions?",{"text":133,"@type":125},"Start with cage rest in a quiet, calm environment and provide oxygen supplementation if possible. Administer furosemide at 2–4 mg/kg IV or IM, with IM as an acceptable initial approach to avoid catheter stress. Consider sedation if the patient remains stressed, place an IV catheter and perform prioritized blood analyses including kidney function and electrolytes, and consider IV pimobendan once IV access is available (or oral if stable and stress is not increased).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":95,"og:type":136,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":107,"og:description":60},"article",{"robots":138,"canonical":95},"index,follow",{"doc_id":55,"site_id":70},1792096809]