[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-259187-105":53,"doc-detail-259187-en":126},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":119,"head_meta":121,"extra_data":123,"updated_unix":125},105,"en","journalism-terminology-periodisation-and-general-framework","Journalism - Terminology, Periodisation, and General Framework","","Journalism is analyzed as a system for procuring and disseminating mass-communication content, and the people who perform this work are identified as journalists. The text traces historical origins and development through successive phases, including pre-journalistic correspondence, literary, and editorial journalism, and explains how professionalization shaped institutions and journalism education. It also discusses how the term “journalism” emerged, why dating varies by definition, and how European national contexts and cross-border influences affected the profession.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":11,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/presentations/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/journalism-terminology-periodisation-and-general-framework/259187/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/journalism-terminology-periodisation-and-general-framework/259187.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"eBook King","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-09-13",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"What does the text define as journalism?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"Journalism is defined as the system of procuring and disseminating content for modern mass communication, performed by journalists.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How does the text explain different ways to date the beginning of journalism?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"Dating depends on definitions: one view links journalism to developments in the second half of the 19th century, while another ties its “birth” to 18th-century Germany associated with enlightenment and journal publishing.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which major developmental phases does the text describe?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"It outlines a pre-journalistic period and three additional phases: correspondence, literary, and editorial journalism, plus later periodisation such as genesis, formation, differentiation, and the breakthrough of modern journalism.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},259187,1791742273,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":8,"category_name":11,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":140,"read_time":141,"preview_page_count":4},962088006270,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","by Jürgen Wilke  \nJournalism refers to the system of procuring and disseminating the contents of modern media of mass communication. Those who exercise this function are called journalists. The historical beginnings of journalism can be ascribed different dates, depending on the definition. Its development, nonetheless, went through several phases: After a \"pre-journalistic\" phase, it is possible (in Germany) to speak of \"correspondence\", \"literary\", and \"editorial\" journalism. The journalistic profession initially underwent a similar development in other European countries, until separate traditions formed in the 18th century. Anglo-Saxon journalism in particular went into different directions than the \"literary\" journalism of the continental European countries. This further involved different types of editorial organisation. In the second half of the 19th century, journalism started to become professionalized, which further led to the emergence of journalistic and professional associations and initiatives for journalism education.  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS  \n1. Terminology, Periodisation, and General Framework  \n2. The Pre-History of Journalism  \n3. Journalism by Correspondents  \n4. The Emergence of Opinion Journalism  \n5. Commercialisation in the 19th Century  \n6. The Professionalisation of Journalism  \n7. Editorial Organisation  \n8. Professional Journalistic Organisations  \n9. Journalism Education  \n10. Between Political Instrumentalisation and Technical Innovation: Journalism in the 20th Century  \n11. Appendix  \n1. Literature  \n2. Notes Indices  \nCitation  \nEurope is the birthplace of journalism. This is not only true for the concept, but also for journalism as a practice. The term is of French origin and derived from the word for \"day\" (\"jour\") . It came into use as a result of the French Revolution (ᇄ Media Link \\#ab) in 1789, as the printed press became a forum for shaping opinion,1 and was also commonly referred to in the 19th century in other European countries. The job description \"journalist\" was used even before this, however. Its first usage appears to have been in reference to the founders of the Journal ofSçavans, the world's first academic journal founded in Paris in 1665 (ᇄ Media Link \\#ac) . The job description was known in England from the beginning of the 18th century.2 It was not until the end of the 18th century that the term \"journalist\" acquired its more general meaning and gradually replaced older designations such as the term \"Zeitungsschreiber\" (\"newspaper writer\"; also: \"Avisen-Schreiber\" [\"notices writer\"]) in Germany or \"novellante\" in Italian. The terms \"journalism\" and \"journalist\" are now commonplace in many European languages, not only in French (\"journalisme\") and English (\"journalism\"), but also in German (\"Journalismus\"), Italian (\"giornalismo\"), Portuguese (\"jornalismo\") and Czech (\"žurnalismus\") . An exception is the Spanish \"periodismo\", in which the regularity of the performed function constitutes the essence of the activity.  \nŸ1  \nJust when and where one identifies the beginning of the history of journalism depends on the definition of the term. If journalism is considered to be an \"Anglo-American invention\" and a \"field of discursive production\" with its own norms, such as objectivity and neutrality,3 it can be dated to the second half of the 19th century. Others see the \"birth\" of the journalist in 18th-century Germany, which is associated with enlightenment and the flourishing of journal publishing.4 In both cases, however, it is usually only mentioned in passing that journalistic tasks like the targeted procurement and processing of news items in fact go back much further. One can thus say that the history of the profession began with a \"pre-journalistic\" period and identify three additional developmental phases involving the transformation of journalism's basic functions: \"correspondence\", \"literary\", and \"editorial\" journalism (see below) .5 A system-theoretical determination of func","cbCaifgotBvrTegu","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifgotBvrTegu","pdf",470187,25,"English","# 1. Terminology, Periodisation, and General Framework\n# 2. The Pre-History of Journalism\n# 3. Journalism by Correspondents\n# 4. The Emergence of Opinion Journalism\n# 5. Commercialisation in the 19th Century\n# 6. The Professionalisation of Journalism\n# 7. Editorial Organisation\n# 8. Professional Journalistic Organisations\n# 9. Journalism Education\n# 10. Between Political Instrumentalisation and Technical Innovation: Journalism in the 20th Century\n# 11. Appendix\n## 1. Literature\n## 2. Notes Indices","[{\"question\":\"What does the text define as journalism?\",\"answer\":\"Journalism is defined as the system of procuring and disseminating content for modern mass communication, performed by journalists.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the text explain different ways to date the beginning of journalism?\",\"answer\":\"Dating depends on definitions: one view links journalism to developments in the second half of the 19th century, while another ties its “birth” to 18th-century Germany associated with enlightenment and journal publishing.\"},{\"question\":\"Which major developmental phases does the text describe?\",\"answer\":\"It outlines a pre-journalistic period and three additional phases: correspondence, literary, and editorial journalism, plus later periodisation such as genesis, formation, differentiation, and the breakthrough of modern journalism.\"}]","Journalism - Terminology, Periodisation, and General Framework | PDF",1789330475,9]