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Typical operations include drawing, erasing, dragging, and gesturing without requiring formal representations.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},276054,1791731958,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,97,102,107,112,117,122],{"id":85,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},11,90,"presentations",{"id":55,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":93,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":98,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":103,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":104,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":106},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":108,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":109,"show_sort_weight":110,"slug":111},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":113,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":114,"show_sort_weight":115,"slug":116},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":118,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":119,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":123,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":125},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":127},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":128,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":22,"category_id":85,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":140,"read_time":30},687197207639,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","1  \nImplicit Structures for Pen-Based Systems Within a Freeform Interaction Paradigm  \nThomas P. Moran, Patrick Chiu,* William van Melle, Gordon Kurtenbach*  \nXerox Palo Alto Research Center  \n3333 Coyote Hill Road  \nPalo Alto, CA 94304  \n{moran,chiu,[vanmelle}@parc.xerox.com](vanmelle}@parc.xerox.com)[ ](vanmelle}@parc.xerox.com)[gkurtenbach@alias.com](gkurtenbach@alias.com)  \nABSTRACT  \nThis paper presents a scheme for extending an informal, pen-based whiteboard system (Tivoli on the Xerox LiveBoard) to provide a structured editing capability without violating its free expression and ease of use. The scheme supports list, text, table, and outline structures over handwritten scribbles and typed text. The scheme is based on the system temporarily perceiving the “implicit structure” that humans see in the material, which is called a WYPIWYG (What You Perceive Is What You Get) capability. The design techniques, principles, trade-offs, and limitations of the scheme are discussed. A notion of “freeform interaction” is proposed to position the system with respect to current user interface techniques.  \nKEYWORDS: freeform interaction, implicit structure, penbased systems, scribbling, whiteboard metaphor, informal systems, recognition-based systems, perceptual support, list structures, gestural interfaces, user interface design.  \nINTRODUCTION  \nOur goal is to create computational support for the informal collaborative processes of small groups working together in real time. We are concerned especially with “generative”tasks (creating and assessing new ideas and perspectives, discussing them, playing with them, organizing them, negotiating about them, and so on) . Human interaction in such situations is informal, freewheeling, rapid, and subtle.  \nComputational systems are typically ill-suited to such situations, because they force users to create and deal with moreor-less formalized representations. The overhead of using such representations inhibits the very processes they are meant to support [7,12] . One of the big challenges for current HCI design is to create systems for informal interaction.  \nPen-based systems that allow scribbling on wall-size displays or notepads can support whiteboard or shared notebook metaphors for interacting with informally scribbled  \nFinal version: December 16, 1994 To appear in proceedings of CHI’95  \nmaterial. The free, easy, and familiar expression permitted by such systems make them a promising class of tools to support informal interaction.  \nOur base tool is a large, shared, pen-based electronic display device called the LiveBoard [4] . We have developed a software system, called Tivoli [9], that simulates whiteboard functionality on the LiveBoard. 1 (There is a commercial version of Tivoli called MeetingBoard.2) This paper presents and discusses a new scheme that we have designed and implemented in Tivoli to extend its editing power, while yet remaining simple, natural, and consistent with the informal nature of the tool.  \nThis paper begins by proposing the notion of “freeform interaction” to help pin down what we mean by “informal.”Then we describe the extended editing scheme, which is based on the system perceiving the “implicit structure” that humans see in the material. This is followed by a discussion of the design principles, trade-offs, limitations, and comparison to other systems.  \nFREEFORM INTERACTION  \nThe notion of “informal interaction” is somewhat vague, and so we define a more operational notion. A graphical editing system allows a user to manipulate graphical objects (GOs) that have defined positions in a 2-D space. A free graphical object (freeGO) is a GO that has no constraints or structural relations with other GOs; it can be freely operated upon independently of any other GOs in the space. Any kind of GO—such as an ink stroke, a text character, an icon, or a composite GO—can be a freeGO. Typical operations are drawing, erasing, wiping, dragging, and gesturing (for both sel","cbCaigbScQdBT7W1","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigbScQdBT7W1","pdf",74590,8,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Freeform Interaction\n# Implicit Structures","[{\"question\":\"What is the main goal of the proposed scheme for pen-based systems?\",\"answer\":\"To add structured editing capability to an informal pen-based whiteboard system without losing its free expression and usability. The scheme aims to support multiple structure types over scribbles and typed text.\"},{\"question\":\"What does WYPIWYG mean in this paper’s approach?\",\"answer\":\"WYPIWYG (“What You Perceive Is What You Get”) refers to the system temporarily perceiving the implicit structure that humans naturally see in the material. This perception enables structured editing while users remain in a freeform workflow.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the paper define “freeform interaction”?\",\"answer\":\"It defines freeform interaction in terms of free graphical objects (freeGOs) that have no constraints or structural relations with other objects in a 2-D space. Typical operations include drawing, erasing, dragging, and gesturing without requiring formal representations.\"}]","Implicit Structures for Pen-Based Systems Within a Freeform Interaction Paradigm - research paper | PDF",1789491018]