[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-159022-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":80,"doc-detail-159022-en":126},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":73,"head_meta":75,"extra_data":77,"updated_unix":79},105,"en","implementing-flashcard-to-improve-the-early-reading-skill","Implementing Flashcard to Improve the Early Reading Skill","","Early reading skill plays a critical role in students’ learning development by enabling interactive abilities in classroom activities with peers and teachers. When early reading is weak, learners may encounter increasing barriers when moving to more advanced reading and writing tasks. Reading supports brain stimulation, vocabulary growth, and sustained concentration. This study uses a single-subject experimental design and observation with descriptive graph analysis to evaluate whether flashcards can improve early reading skills.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/","Template",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/","General",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/implementing-flashcard-to-improve-the-early-reading-skill/159022/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/implementing-flashcard-to-improve-the-early-reading-skill/159022.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Levi","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-20","2026-08-29",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":30},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"What problem does the study address regarding early reading skills?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"Students with defective early reading skills face more barriers in learning subsequent reading and writing levels. Early reading skill is also essential for smoother classroom learning and future academic progress.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"How was the flashcard intervention implemented in the research?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"Flashcards were used as an attractive and innovative learning media to support initial reading activities. The study involved presenting card-based picture and text/letter information to guide students’ letter sound and pronunciation.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"What research method was used to evaluate the effectiveness of flashcards?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"The study applied a single subject experimental design. Data were gathered using observation and analyzed through descriptive graph analysis to show improvements in early reading skills.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},159022,1788010933,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,88,93,98,103,108,113,118,123],{"id":84,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},11,"Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":89,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":90,"show_sort_weight":91,"slug":92},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":94,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":99,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":100,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":104,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":105,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":107},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":109,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":110,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":112},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":114,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":115,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":119,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":124,"doc_module":22,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":125},158,"general-158",{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":127},{"doc_id":78,"user_id":128,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":22,"category_id":124,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":30,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":33,"language":135,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":136,"faqs":137,"seo_title":138,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":79,"read_time":26},7971461740909,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Implementing Flashcard to Improve the Early Reading Skill  \nNuligar Hatiningsih University of Muhammadiyah Malang[nuligarhati@umm.ac.id](nuligarhati@umm.ac.id)  \nPutri Adriyati University of Muhammadiyah Malang  \n[putriadriyatii@gmail.com](putriadriyatii@gmail.com)  \nAbstract. Early reading skill has important positions and roles in the human life and. This ability becomes a media for students to have interactive abilities in learning process among their friends and teachers. Students will face more barriers to learn the next level of reading and writing when their reading skill is defectively indicated. Reading is an activity that can stimulate the brain and obtain more vocabularies so that students are expected to concentrate well. The early reading skills can be improved through the use of attractive and innovative media. The purpose of this aimed to identify whether or not the flashcard can improve the early reading skills. In this current research, the writers used single subject of experimental design. The research subject was a student who has reading difficulties. So as to gather the data, observation was employed in line with descriptive graph analysis. The result has shown that the implementation of flashcard helps student to improve the early reading skills.  \nKeywords: Flashcard, early reading skills  \nIntroduction  \nMiddle childhood is a period of exploring everything where discovering, developing and growing are likely found. This stage is regarded as crucial for children because their social skills will be well-developed. Moreover, it is also important to keep an eye on their development. Furthermore, children must be trained in order to obtain matured condition in emotional, social and cognitive aspects (Berk, L. E, 2012). So as to increase these potential aspects, many parents send their children to either formal or non-formal education. Formal education starts from playgrounds, kindergartens, elementary schools, junior high schools, senior high schools, and universities. Whereas, non-formal education is usually held outside the formal education unit (Prianto, 2011) .  \nKindergarten is basically an initial literacy development of preschool children. It is because the literacy skills of preschool children are predictors of their literary skills at elementary school level (Levy, Gong, Hessels, Evans, & Jared, 2006). On the other hand, good literacy skills of preschoolers will help them to read more at ease and will increase their reading ability at higher school levels. Senechal et. Al (1998) explain that condition of fluent reading children who will affect he children learning process in addressing problems they face in real life.  \nInitial reading skill plays an important role in the human life (Praxsis, 2003). Subsequently, reading is abridge for students to have interactive and integrated abilities in the learning process among teachers and students. Therefore, early reading skill is very important in the education process at school (Levy et al., 2006) . Children will face numerous barriers in the future if the reading ability in the early education unit is considered inadequate (Diamond & Baroody, 2013) .  \nReading is an activity that can stimulate the children’s’ brain to perform well. Moreover, through reading, children may are able to attain excellent academic performance, develop great communication skills, and collect vocabulary that help them to communicate well (Goodchild, 2006) . Likewise, excellent academic performance acquired by students through reading will assist them to understand other subjects.  \nInitial reading activities should be given by exciting and interesting media. The ability to read early can be improved by implementing interesting and eye-catching media (Both-de Vries& Bus, 2010) . Kornell (2009) elucidates that flashcard is one of the learning media that can be used to improve the initial reading skills. Flashcard is a small card which contains pictures, text, or symbols that rem","cbCaisk3YsSOXBZx","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisk3YsSOXBZx","pdf",1587524,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Importance of middle childhood development\n## Role of early literacy in kindergarten\n## Reading as a cognitive and academic foundation\n## Flashcards as an instructional medium\n# Literature Review\n## Early reading skills","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the study address regarding early reading skills?\",\"answer\":\"Students with defective early reading skills face more barriers in learning subsequent reading and writing levels. Early reading skill is also essential for smoother classroom learning and future academic progress.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the flashcard intervention implemented in the research?\",\"answer\":\"Flashcards were used as an attractive and innovative learning media to support initial reading activities. The study involved presenting card-based picture and text/letter information to guide students’ letter sound and pronunciation.\"},{\"question\":\"What research method was used to evaluate the effectiveness of flashcards?\",\"answer\":\"The study applied a single subject experimental design. Data were gathered using observation and analyzed through descriptive graph analysis to show improvements in early reading skills.\"}]","Implementing Flashcard to Improve the Early Reading Skill | PDF"]