[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-304077-105":53,"doc-detail-304077-en":126},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":119,"head_meta":121,"extra_data":123,"updated_unix":125},105,"en","how-to-reason-logically-chapter-1-learn-the-core-skills-of-logical-reasoning","How to Reason Logically - Chapter 1 - Learn the core skills of logical reasoning","","Chapter 1 teaches what it means to reason logically and why it is a learnable, improvable critical-thinking skill. It contrasts careful judgment with uncritical thinking and outlines a structured program focused on five abilities: writing logically, finding inconsistency and lack of clarity, spotting issues and arguments, detecting and avoiding fallacies, and generating stronger arguments and explanations. The chapter also uses a high-stakes wilderness water dilemma to practice evaluating information and making defensible decisions.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":11,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/presentations/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/how-to-reason-logically-chapter-1-learn-the-core-skills-of-logical-reasoning/304077/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/how-to-reason-logically-chapter-1-learn-the-core-skills-of-logical-reasoning/304077.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Terk","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-02","2026-09-19",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":79},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"What is the main goal of logical reasoning in this chapter?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"Improve logical-reasoning skills to help make better judgments, decisions, and evaluations of arguments and information.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Which five skills does the chapter say will be taught?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"Writing logically; detecting inconsistency and lack of clarity; spotting issues and arguments; detecting and avoiding fallacies; and generating and improving arguments and explanations.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the wilderness scenario illustrate critical thinking?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"It forces a choice about drinking stream water using competing claims about Giardia, requiring evaluation of reasons, risks, and the reliability of information before deciding.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},304077,1790459805,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":8,"category_name":11,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":79,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":45,"language":135,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":136,"faqs":137,"seo_title":138,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":139,"read_time":140},1099525198933,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","C H A P T E R 1  \nHow to Reason Logically  \nThe goal of this  \nare a complex  \nbook is to improve your logical-reasoning skills. Your logical-reasoning skills weave of abilities that help you get someone's point, generate reasons for  \nyour point, evaluate the reasons given by others, decide what or what not to do, decide what information to accept or reject, explain a complicated idea, apply conscious quality control as you think, and resist propaganda. Your most important critical thinking skill is your skill at making judgments─not snap judgments that occur in the blink of an eye, but those that require careful reasoning.  \nYou are not reasoning logically if, when you want a gorilla suit for a Halloween party, the first thing you do is search for the word \"Gorilla\" in the Yellow Pages of the telephone book.  \nHigh-quality reasoning is called logical reasoning or critical thinking. Logical reasoning is a skill that can be learned and improved. It is not a case of \"Either you're naturally good at it or you‘re not.\" Rather, every student is capable of reasoning well, and everyone is capable of improvement. The opposite of logical reasoning is uncritical thinking, examples of which are fuzzy thinking, believing what somebody says simply because they raise their voice, and narrowly thinking about a problem without bringing in the most relevant information.  \nThis first chapter explains what it means to be logical—to reason logically. It demonstrates the usefulness of logical reasoning as a means to making more effective decisions about your own life—decisions about what to believe and decisions about what to do. The chapter begins a systematic program of study of all the major topics regarding logical reasoning. Along the way, the book focuses on developing the following five skills: (1) writing logically,(2) detecting inconsistency and lack of clarity in a group of sentences, (3) spotting issues and arguments, (4) detecting and avoiding fallacies (reasoning errors), and (5) generating and improving arguments and explanations. These skills will be taught here independent of subject matter.  \nThis book does not emphasize philosophy over any other subject, and it is not a book about what you ought to believe about some subject.  \nAlthough many scientific studies of decision making have shown that people tend to sift sources of information to reinforce existing views rather than to accept the view that is backed up with the better argument, our course is designed to combat this tendency.  \nFacing a Decision as a Critical Thinker  \nImagine this situation. You are on a four-day backpacking trip in a national wilderness area with your friends Juanita and Emilio. The summer weather's great, the scenery is exotic, and you've been having a good time. Yesterday you drove several hours into the area and parked in the main parking lot. Then you hiked six hours to your present campsite. The three of you carried all your food, water, sleeping bags, and tents.  \nLast night you discovered that somebody had accidentally cracked the large water container. Now you are stuck with no water. Although there is a stream nearby, you wouldn‘t normally drink from a stream, and you remember that your packets of water-sterilization tablets are in  \nthe pocket of your other coat—the one you left at home at the last minute. The three of you are thirsty and have only dehydrated food left, except for four apples. You wish you had bothered to haul in that twelve-pack of Dr. Pepper you decided to leave in the car‘s trunk.  \nWhat do you do? Nobody brought cell phones. You could yell, but that is unlikely to help; you haven't seen any other hikers since the trip began. You try it, but all you get is an echo. You briefly think about snow, but realize there isn't any. Emilio says he has an idea: Boil the water from the stream. When it cools, you could drink it and make breakfast and continue with your good times. Then Juanita mentions seeing a sign back in the parkin","cbCaimiqIvf56HRr","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimiqIvf56HRr","pdf",533540,"English","# Facing a Decision as a Critical Thinker\n## What It Means to Reason Logically\n## The Five Core Skills\n## A Wilderness Water Dilemma","[{\"question\":\"What is the main goal of logical reasoning in this chapter?\",\"answer\":\"Improve logical-reasoning skills to help make better judgments, decisions, and evaluations of arguments and information.\"},{\"question\":\"Which five skills does the chapter say will be taught?\",\"answer\":\"Writing logically; detecting inconsistency and lack of clarity; spotting issues and arguments; detecting and avoiding fallacies; and generating and improving arguments and explanations.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the wilderness scenario illustrate critical thinking?\",\"answer\":\"It forces a choice about drinking stream water using competing claims about Giardia, requiring evaluation of reasons, risks, and the reliability of information before deciding.\"}]","How to Reason Logically - Chapter 1 - Learn the core skills of logical reasoning | PDF",1789809818,7]