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It targets participants’ past and current thoughts, feelings, and attitudes toward money and budgeting, and evaluates the impact of integrating SMART goals into a personal budgeting unit. Qualitative findings from pre/post open-ended surveys and reflective journal entries show that confronting emotions, examining spending habits, and setting SMART goals supports identification of needed behavior changes, strengthening financial literacy and implementation.","Capstone: Household Budgeting  \nModifying Behaviors to Improve Maintaining Household Budgets to Achieve SMART Goals with Adult Learners  \nAlicia Bates  \nA Capstone Presented to the Teachers College Faculty of Western Governors University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Education, Learning and Technology  \nAugust 27, 2019  \nCapstone: Household Budgeting 1  \nAbstract  \nThis action research study explores the feasibility of modifying adult participants’behavior in regard to creating and maintaining a household budget by exploring their own past and current thoughts, feelings, and attitudes toward money and budgeting. The researcher developed the following questions for conducting research: 1) How will incorporating SMART goals into the personal budgeting unit help to encourage adult learners to modify existing negative behaviors so that they can attain their goals? 2) How will working with adult learners to modify their current financial behaviors improve their money management? The researcher used qualitative data gathered from a pre-and post-assessment survey with open-ended questions and journal entries in which the adult participants answered reflective, open-ended questions. The researcher discovered that when the adult participants were faced with their own emotions and thoughts toward money, explored their spending habits, and developed SMART goals, the adult participants were able to identify necessary behavior modifications that would allow them to reach their SMART goals. The researcher concludes that behavior modification is a key component in financial literacy and successful implementation and maintenance of a household budget.  \nCapstone: Household Budgeting 2  \nTable of Contents  \nChapter 1-Topic and Problem ........................................................................................................3  \nTopic ................................................................................................................................................3  \nProblem Background and Causes ....................................................................................................5  \nTopic and Problem Conclusion ........................................................................................................7  \nChapter 2-Review of the Literature ...............................................................................................8  \nOverview of the Literature...............................................................................................................8  \nSummary ........................................................................................................................................14  \nChapter 3-Research Methodology ............................................................................................... 16  \nResearch Design ............................................................................................................................16  \nResearch Questions ........................................................................................................................16  \nData Collection Instruments and Methods ....................................................................................17  \nSummary ........................................................................................................................................18  \nChapter 4-Results.........................................................................................................................20  \nResults Overview ...........................................................................................................................20  \nData Analysis .................................................................................................................................20  \nTable Two: End of Unit Survey ............................................................................................","cbCait7oaRRjhDdq","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCait7oaRRjhDdq","pdf",3749532,6,74,"English","en",105,"# Chapter 1-Topic and Problem\n## Topic\n## Problem Background and Causes\n## Topic and Problem Conclusion\n# Chapter 2-Review of the Literature\n## Overview of the Literature\n## Summary\n# Chapter 3-Research Methodology\n## Research Design\n## Research Questions\n## Data Collection Instruments and Methods\n## Summary\n# Chapter 4-Results\n## Results Overview\n## Data Analysis\n## Answers to the Research Questions\n# Chapter 5-Discussion and Conclusion\n## Overview\n## Problem Solutions\n## Strengths and Weaknesses\n## Influential Factors\n## Further Investigation\n# References\n# Appendix A\n# Appendix B\n# Appendix C","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the capstone study address about adult learners and budgeting?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on adult learners who do not maintain a household budget due to not knowing how and/or due to low self-efficacy that creates negative attitudes toward personal finance literacy.\"},{\"question\":\"What role do SMART goals play in the budgeting unit?\",\"answer\":\"The study explores whether incorporating SMART goals helps adult learners modify negative existing behaviors so they can achieve their budgeting goals.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the research data collected for this action research?\",\"answer\":\"Qualitative data came from a pre-and post-assessment survey with open-ended questions and journal entries where participants responded to reflective questions.\"}]","Household Budgeting - 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