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It covers risks of communication failure in research, key elements of informed consent, and common problems such as excessive information, unclear wording, and lack of support for confirming understanding. The session provides practical solutions for clarity and inclusion, including organizing content, avoiding jargon, using actionable tools, applying health numeracy best practices, and choosing respectful, person-centered language.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/health-literacy-plain-and-inclusive-language/307466/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/health-literacy-plain-and-inclusive-language/307466.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Sarah ","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-21","2026-09-19",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":9},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"Why is clear communication important in research?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"Clear communication supports understanding and better decision-making by research participants. 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Use person-centered and non-victimizing inclusive language.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},307466,1789849914,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":9,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":125,"read_time":73},962085320529,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","9/14/2021  \n\n| \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>|  |\n| --- | --- |\n|  |  |\n| Health Literacy:\u003Cbr>Plain and Inclusive Language\u003Cbr>Jennifer Gan, MBA, CRS\u003Cbr>UAMS Center for Health Literacy Dept. Medical Humanities & Bioethics | |\n\n1  \n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Why we need clear\u003Cbr>communication in research\u003Cbr>What happens if communication with research\u003Cbr>participants fails?\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>|\n\n3  \n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Proficient health literacy requires\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>|\n\n5  \n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Learning objectives\u003Cbr>• Describe the rationale for emphasis on clarity and inclusivity in research focused communication\u003Cbr>• List some best practices for inclusive and clear research language\u003Cbr>• Describe 3 principles of cultural humility\u003Cbr>|\n\n2  \n4  \n\n| |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>US adults and health literacy\u003Cbr>At each health literacy level, 2003\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>About 35 out of 100: Basic/Below Basic |  |\n| Source: National Assessment of Adult Literacy | |\n\n6  \n9/14/2021  \n\n| |\n| --- |\n|  |\n| Groups at risk for poor health literacy\u003Cbr>|\n\n7  \n\n| |  |\n| --- | --- |\n|  |  |\n| Communication across the research study life cycle |  |\n| | |\n\n9  \n| |\n| --- |\n| Limited health literacy is a hidden problem\u003Cbr>• Context influences ability to learn\u003Cbr>• Stress\u003Cbr>• Pain\u003Cbr>• Feeling ill\u003Cbr>• You cannot tell by looking at someone\u003Cbr>• Should treat everyone as if they may have difficulty understanding\u003Cbr>|\n\n8  \n\n| |\n| --- |\n|  |\n| Informed consent\u003Cbr>• Communication goal:\u003Cbr>▫ Understanding of responsibilities, risks, benefits…\u003Cbr>▫ Participant has accurate information to support decision-making\u003Cbr>• Problems:\u003Cbr>▫ Too much information\u003Cbr>▫ Information not written in understandable terms\u003Cbr>▫ Process may not support confirming understanding\u003Cbr>Source:  [https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/regulations-and-policy/guidance/faq/informed](https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/regulations-and-policy/guidance/faq/informed)\u003Cbr>consent/index. html\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>|\n\n10  \n\n| |\n| --- |\n| New Common Rule – key information\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>“Informed consent must begin with a concise and focused presentation of the key information that is most likely to assist a prospective subject or legally authorized representative in understanding the reasons why one might or might not want to participate in the research.”\u003Cbr>82 Fed Reg 12 at p. 7265\u003Cbr>|\n\n11  \n\n| |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| Plain language informed consent form (ICF) navigator\u003Cbr>|  |\n| Web-based utility to create plain language ICF\u003Cbr>• IRB approved plain language ICF template\u003Cbr>• Key information template\u003Cbr>• New plain language HIPAA template\u003Cbr>[https://healthliteracy.uams.edu/health-literacy-research/resources/](https://healthliteracy.uams.edu/health-literacy-research/resources/) |  |\n| [https://irb.uams.edu/new-study-tools/](https://irb.uams.edu/new-study-tools/) | |\n\n12  \n9/14/2021  \n\n| |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| During study | |\n| Communication goals: What actions do you need participants to take while on your study?\u003Cbr>• Problems:\u003Cbr>▫ Instructions may not be fully actionable\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>▫ May result in inaccurate or unhelpful information\u003Cbr>▫ May result in frustration and dropout\u003Cbr>|  |\n\n13  \n\n| |\n| --- |\n| After study\u003Cbr>|\n| Practice activity: Explain your research to a potential donor in 2 minutes in “living room”language.\u003Cbr>Plain language tip sheet for sharing your research summary with lay audiences\u003Cbr>[https://healthliteracy.uams.edu/wp](https://healthliteracy.uams.edu/wp)\u003Cbr>content/uploads/sites/94/2019/10/Using-plain-language-to-share-your-\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>research-summaries-with-lay-audiences. pdf\u003Cbr>|\n\n15  \n\n| |\n| --- |\n|  |\n| Plain language\u003Cbr>• Information people understand the first time they see or hear it\u003Cbr>• Plain language is:\u003Cbr>▫ Readable (written only)\u003Cbr>▫ Understandable\u003Cbr>▫ Actionable\u003Cbr>• Plain language is not“dumbing down”\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>|\n\n17  \n\n| |\n| --- |\n|  |\n| After study\u003Cbr>• Communication goal:\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>▫ Share outcomes with participants and communities\u003Cbr>• Problems:\u003Cbr>▫ Spoken and written reports may not be in plain language and people may not speak up (may lead to lost opportunities for future study part","cbCaigQEVCgrc3OU","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigQEVCgrc3OU","pdf",368428,6,"English","# Why we need clear communication in research\n# What happens if communication with research participants fails?\n# US adults and health literacy\n# Groups at risk for poor health literacy\n# Communication across the research study life cycle\n# Limited health literacy is a hidden problem\n# Informed consent\n## New Common Rule – key information\n# Plain language informed consent form (ICF) navigator\n# During study communication goals\n# After study communication goals\n# Solutions for improving clarity across the research study life cycle\n## Avoid or define jargon\n## Organize content logically\n## Make it actionable with tools\n## Make it actionable with action steps\n## Use health numeracy best practices\n# How to promote inclusive communication\n## Aim for inclusive language","[{\"question\":\"Why is clear communication important in research?\",\"answer\":\"Clear communication supports understanding and better decision-making by research participants. When communication fails, participants may not grasp responsibilities, risks, or benefits.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main problems with informed consent communication?\",\"answer\":\"Common problems include providing too much information, using terms that are not written in understandable language, and having processes that do not support confirming understanding.\"},{\"question\":\"How can researchers improve clarity and inclusiveness in study materials?\",\"answer\":\"Use plain language, avoid or define jargon, organize content logically with the most important information first, provide actionable steps, and apply health numeracy best practices. Use person-centered and non-victimizing inclusive language.\"}]","Health Literacy - Plain and Inclusive Language | PDF"]