[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-564114-en":3,"doc-seo-564114-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":11,"category_id":12,"category_name":13,"doc_title":14,"doc_description":15,"doc_content":16,"file_id":17,"file_url":18,"file_type":19,"file_size":20,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":11,"is_downloadable":11,"audit_status":11,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":15,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},564114,962093532863,"Malam Tenang","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c",1,21,"Paper Templates","Guidelines for the Management of Non Transfusion Dependent Thalassaemia (NTDT) - 2nd Edition","Guidelines for managing non-transfusion dependent thalassaemia (NTDT) present an overview of inherited haemoglobin disorders and define NTDT by the absence of lifelong regular transfusion requirements, while noting that TDT/NTDT categories can change with clinical parameters over a patient’s lifetime. The introduction outlines NTDT’s distinct clinical forms, including β-thalassaemia intermedia, haemoglobin E/β-thalassaemia, and α-thalassaemia intermedia (haemoglobin H disease), and explains why other related variants are excluded. It also summarizes epidemiology and regional prevalence factors.","EDITORS OF THE 1ST EDITION  \nALI TAHER  \nELLIOTT VICHINSKY KHALED MUSALLAM  \nMARIA DOMENICA CAPPELLINI VIP VIPRAKASIT  \nEDITORS OF THE 2ND EDITION  \nALI TAHER  \nKHALED MUSALLAM  \nMARIA DOMENICA CAPPELLINI  \nGUIDELINES  \nFOR THE MANAGEMENT OF  \nNON TRANSFUSION DEPENDENT THALASSAEMIA (NTDT) 2 ND EDITION  \nPUBLISHERS: THALASSAEMIA INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION TIF PUBLICATION NO. 22  \nThalassaemia International Federation P. O. Box 28807, Nicosia 2083, Cyprus Tel. +357 22 319 129  \nFax. +357 22 314 552  \nEmail: [thalassaemia@cytanet.com.cy](thalassaemia@cytanet.com.cy)  \n[Website: www.thalassaemia.org.cy](Website: www.thalassaemia.org.cy)  \nISBN 978-9963-717-11-8  \nISBN 978-9963-717-11-8  \n©2017 Team up Creations Ltd  \n14 Othonos str. , 1016 Nicosia All rights reserved.  \nThe publication contains the collective views of an international group of experts and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the Thalassaemia International Federation.  \nPrinted in Nicosia, Cyprus.  \nThalassaemia International Federation  \nP. O. Box 28807, Nicosia 2083, Cyprus Tel. +357 22 319 129  \nFax. +357 22 314 552  \nEmail: [thalassaemia@cytanet.com.cy](thalassaemia@cytanet.com.cy)  \n[Website: www.thalassaemia.org.cy](Website: www.thalassaemia.org.cy)  \nCHAPTER 01  \nINTRODUCTION  \nInherited haemoglobin disorders can be divided into two main groups. The first group includes the α -and β-thalassaemias, which result from the defective synthesis of the α -or β-globin chains of adult haemoglobin A. The second group includes structural haemoglobin variants like haemoglobin S, C, and E. A variety of thalassaemia phenotypes can result from the simultaneous inheritance of two different thalassaemia mutations from each parent or the coinheritance of thalassaemia together with structural haemoglobin variants [1, 2] .  \nTransfusion-dependence is one essential factor in distinguishing the various thalassaemia phenotypes and their severity. For example, the diagnosis of β-thalassaemia major entails lifelong regular transfusion requirement for survival, and the term transfusion-dependent thalassaemia (TDT) is conventionally used to describe such forms [3] . Non-transfusion-dependent thalassaemias (NTDT) is a term used to label patients who do not require such lifelong regular transfusions for survival, although they may require occasional or even frequent transfusionsin certain clinical settings and for defined periods of time (Figure 1-1) [4] . It should be noted, however, that TDT and NTDT are fluid categories, based on clinical parameters, variations and advances in the clinical management, as well as other modifiers of disease, which may shift a patient from one group to another during their lives. Thus, the TDT and NTDT designations should primarily represent patients’‘current’ clinical status and entail the understanding that these two designations are interchangeable.  \nNTDT encompasses three clinically distinct forms: β-thalassaemia intermedia, haemoglobin E/β-thalassaemia (mild and moderate forms), and α-thalassaemia intermedia (haemoglobin H disease) [5] . Although patients with haemoglobin S/β-thalassaemia and haemoglobin C/β -thalassaemia may have transfusion requirements similar to those of NTDT patients, these forms have other specific characteristics and management peculiarities [6, 7], and will not be covered in these guidelines.  \nFigure 1-1:  \nTransfusion requirement in various thalassaemia forms. Reproduced with permission from reference [4] .  \nEpIDEmIology oF NTDT  \nInherited haemoglobin disorders primarily exist in the low-or middle-income countries of the tropical belt, stretching from sub-Saharan Africa through the mediterranean region and the middle East, to South and Southeast Asia [8] . This is primarily attributed to the high frequency of consanguineous marriages in these regions, as well as a conferred resistance of carriers to severe forms of malaria in regions where the infection has been or is still prevalent [8, 9","cbCaihgTrYM86ZcO","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihgTrYM86ZcO","pdf",2147846,117,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Epidemiology of NTDT","[{\"question\":\"How are thalassaemia phenotypes distinguished in the guidelines?\",\"answer\":\"They distinguish phenotypes based on transfusion dependence and severity. The guidelines contrast transfusion-dependent thalassaemia (TDT) with non-transfusion-dependent thalassaemias (NTDT).\"},{\"question\":\"What clinical forms does NTDT include?\",\"answer\":\"NTDT includes three clinically distinct forms: β-thalassaemia intermedia, haemoglobin E/β-thalassaemia (mild and moderate forms), and α-thalassaemia intermedia (haemoglobin H disease).\"},{\"question\":\"Why can a patient shift between TDT and NTDT categories?\",\"answer\":\"TDT and NTDT are described as fluid categories based on clinical parameters, variations in disease course, and advances in clinical management. These factors may shift a patient from one group to another during life.\"}]","Guidelines for the Management of Non Transfusion Dependent Thalassaemia (NTDT) - 2nd Edition | PDF",1791840364,41,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":14,"keywords":34,"description":15,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"guidelines-for-the-management-of-non-transfusion-dependent-thalassaemia-ntdt-2nd-edition","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,54,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":11},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/","Template",2,{"item":49,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/paper-templates/",3,{"item":52,"name":14,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/guidelines-for-the-management-of-non-transfusion-dependent-thalassaemia-ntdt-2nd-edition/564114/",4,{"url":52,"name":14,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":14,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":15,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-12",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"How are thalassaemia phenotypes distinguished in the guidelines?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"They distinguish phenotypes based on transfusion dependence and severity. The guidelines contrast transfusion-dependent thalassaemia (TDT) with non-transfusion-dependent thalassaemias (NTDT).","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What clinical forms does NTDT include?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"NTDT includes three clinically distinct forms: β-thalassaemia intermedia, haemoglobin E/β-thalassaemia (mild and moderate forms), and α-thalassaemia intermedia (haemoglobin H disease).",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"Why can a patient shift between TDT and NTDT categories?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"TDT and NTDT are described as fluid categories based on clinical parameters, variations in disease course, and advances in clinical management. These factors may shift a patient from one group to another during life.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":14,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":15},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,98,103,108,113,118,123,128,131],{"id":94,"doc_module":11,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},11,"Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":99,"doc_module":11,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":100,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":104,"doc_module":11,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":105,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":107},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":109,"doc_module":11,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":110,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":112},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":114,"doc_module":11,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":115,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":119,"doc_module":11,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":124,"doc_module":11,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":12,"doc_module":11,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":13,"show_sort_weight":129,"slug":130},5,"papers-templates",{"id":132,"doc_module":11,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":134},158,"General","general-158"]