[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-169262-en":3,"doc-seo-169262-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":11,"category_id":12,"category_name":13,"doc_title":14,"doc_description":15,"doc_content":16,"file_id":17,"file_url":18,"file_type":19,"file_size":20,"view_count":11,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":11,"is_downloadable":11,"audit_status":11,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":15,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},169262,962075006959,"Anda","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e0002397efbe92a78e?_k=1776741047341049297",1,11,"Presentations","GUIDANCE NOTE 1 - PROJECT RESULTS FRAMEWORK AND THEORY OF CHANGE","This guidance note strengthens GGF staff capability to design high-quality Theories of Change (ToC) and Results Frameworks (RF) that drive more and better impact. It defines ToC and RF, explains how ToC supports RF development, and clarifies the hierarchy of impact, outcomes, and outputs. It outlines required ToC elements for project proposals, including a clear narrative, causal pathways, and key assumptions, and provides quality-assurance questions to test logic, evidence, and feasibility.","GUIDANCE NOTE 1. PROJECT RESULTS FRAMEWORK AND THEORY OF CHANGE\nThe purpose of this guidance note is to strengthen the ability of GGF staff to ensure projects have good quality, appropriate Theories of Change and Results Frameworks that lead to more and better impact. The note should be read in conjunction with guidance note 2 on indicators, guidance note 3 on GESI and guidance note 4 on Value for Money. For further guidance on how to develop a Theory of Change or Results Framework, please refer to resources listed under section 5 below.\nDefinition of Key Terms\nA Theory of Change (ToC) describes how change is expected to come about through a project intervention in a specific context. It applies critical thinking to the design, implementation and evaluation of GGF initiatives and projects intended to support change and is based on available evidence such as political economy analysis, gender analysis and evaluations. The ToC shows a hierarchy of results with the causal pathways between them; that is, what action leads to what short and long-term change. There is a ToC for the GGF as a whole, for each country within the Fund and for many projects, particularly large ones. It is usually shown in a diagram with arrows and loops indicating relationships, summarising how change is expected to happen, with an accompanying narrative describing the pathways of change.\nA good ToC will help form the basis for developing a Results Framework (RF). This is a tool that can also be used to show how change is expected to happen, to set out the main deliverables of the project and is used to plan for, and monitor, results. The RF splits the process of change into more specific steps, usually showing three levels: impact, outcome and outputs. Indicators of change are included, and targets that show how much change will occur by what date (see guidance note 2). The investment of time and effort in the RF should reflect the size and complexity of the programme. One common type of RF is a logical framework which uses a table to show the results and relationships, the assumptions, and indicators and targets.\n2. TOC AND RESULTS FRAMEWORK AT PROJECT DESIGN STAGE\n2.1 Theory of Change\nA concise ToC – consisting of a few descriptive paragraphs - should be a component of each project proposal, with more detail, analysis and a diagram for bigger projects.  The following key elements of ToC are required in all project proposals:\ni) A clearly articulated narrative showing how the project expects to deliver improved governance and/or economic reform outcomes\nThe project should describe how change is assumed to come about as a result of intervention in that specific context. Good project design will map out causal pathways from project interventions to the delivery of change. Causal pathways (also referred to as change pathways) show the cause and effect of an action or a change. In effect, it describes what you expect to happen: \"X leads to Y which leads to Z, and so on, and so on... For example, if we train parliamentarians on good practice in consulting with constituents, it should lead to MPs consulting more and better with citizens and so, in the long-term, more appropriate services being provided to them.\nii) Key assumptions\nBecause social and economic change is complex, ‘X leads to Y’ is usually accompanied by ‘if a, b and c are in place’. Theories of Change make it clear that causal pathways rest on a set of assumptions about how change might take place in the context. So, in the example above, MPs need to be motivated to act on the training, there need to be mechanisms in place to enable consultation (local surgeries, Facebook and twitter for example). These assumptions are frequently really important to success, but often hidden. A good search for evidence plus a thorough discussion with informed and experienced stakeholders will help to bring this vital understanding to the surface so that it can be included as assumptions in the ToC.\nAssumptions c","cbCaiflyllc8WG2d","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiflyllc8WG2d","docx",646120,8,"English","en",105,"# Definition of Key Terms\n## Theory of Change (ToC)\n## Results Framework (RF)\n# ToC and Results Framework at Project Design Stage\n## Theory of Change\n### Required elements in all project proposals\n### Questions to consider when assessing ToCs","[{\"question\":\"What is a Theory of Change (ToC) and what does it show?\",\"answer\":\"A ToC describes how change is expected to come about through project intervention in a specific context. It applies critical thinking, uses evidence, and presents a hierarchy of results with causal pathways and an accompanying narrative.\"},{\"question\":\"How does a good ToC support the development of a Results Framework (RF)?\",\"answer\":\"A good ToC helps form the basis for developing an RF. The RF plans for and monitors results by breaking change into levels—impact, outcome, and outputs—while including indicators and time-bound targets.\"},{\"question\":\"What key elements must be included in ToCs for project proposals?\",\"answer\":\"All project proposals must include a clearly articulated narrative showing how the project expects to deliver improved governance and/or economic reform outcomes, as well as key assumptions that support causal pathways in the given context.\"}]","GUIDANCE NOTE 1 - PROJECT RESULTS FRAMEWORK AND THEORY OF CHANGE | DOCX",1788249500,3,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":14,"keywords":34,"description":15,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"guidance-note-1-project-results-framework-and-theory-of-change","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,53,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":11},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/","Template",2,{"item":49,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":29},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/presentations/",{"item":51,"name":14,"@type":43,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/guidance-note-1-project-results-framework-and-theory-of-change/169262/",4,{"url":51,"name":14,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":14,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":23,"description":15,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","2026-09-05","2026-09-01",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":68},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",6,{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"What is a Theory of Change (ToC) and what does it show?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"A ToC describes how change is expected to come about through project intervention in a specific context. It applies critical thinking, uses evidence, and presents a hierarchy of results with causal pathways and an accompanying narrative.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"How does a good ToC support the development of a Results Framework (RF)?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"A good ToC helps form the basis for developing an RF. The RF plans for and monitors results by breaking change into levels—impact, outcome, and outputs—while including indicators and time-bound targets.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"What key elements must be included in ToCs for project proposals?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"All project proposals must include a clearly articulated narrative showing how the project expects to deliver improved governance and/or economic reform outcomes, as well as key assumptions that support causal pathways in the given context.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":88,"og:title":14,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":15},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,97,102,107,112,117,122,127,132],{"id":12,"doc_module":11,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":13,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},90,"presentations",{"id":98,"doc_module":11,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":103,"doc_module":11,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":104,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":106},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":108,"doc_module":11,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":109,"show_sort_weight":110,"slug":111},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":113,"doc_module":11,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":114,"show_sort_weight":115,"slug":116},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":118,"doc_module":11,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":119,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":123,"doc_module":11,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":128,"doc_module":11,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":130,"slug":131},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":133,"doc_module":11,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":134,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":135},158,"General","general-158"]