[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-1-en-105":3,"doc-seo-219161-105":53,"doc-detail-219161-en":126},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49],{"id":8,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":11,"show_sort_weight":12,"slug":13},11,1,"Template","Presentations",90,"presentations",{"id":15,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":16,"show_sort_weight":17,"slug":18},12,"Resumes",80,"resumes",{"id":20,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":21,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":23},14,"Invoices",70,"invoices",{"id":25,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":26,"show_sort_weight":27,"slug":28},15,"Posters",60,"posters",{"id":30,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":31,"show_sort_weight":32,"slug":33},16,"Social Media",50,"social-media",{"id":35,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":36,"show_sort_weight":37,"slug":38},17,"Forms",40,"forms",{"id":40,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":41,"show_sort_weight":42,"slug":43},18,"Letters",30,"letters",{"id":45,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":46,"show_sort_weight":47,"slug":48},21,"Paper Templates",5,"papers-templates",{"id":50,"doc_module":9,"doc_module_name":10,"category_name":51,"show_sort_weight":4,"slug":52},158,"General","general-158",{"code":4,"msg":54,"data":55},"ok",{"site_id":56,"language":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"keywords":60,"description":61,"schema_data":62,"social_meta":119,"head_meta":121,"extra_data":123,"updated_unix":125},105,"en","geological-magazine-rhynie-chert-introduction","Geological Magazine Rhynie chert introduction","","Terrestrialisation of life reshaped the biosphere, geosphere, and atmosphere, and the Geological Magazine has tracked the evolution of this field. A central contribution is the Devonian Rhynie chert Konservat-Lagerstätte in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, reviewed here to synthesize prior work. The review outlines key Geological Magazine contributions, then details the Rhynie chert’s geological setting, half-graben development, palaeoenvironment, and fossil taphonomy. It further summarizes mineralisation and geochemistry and presents the fossil record, spanning plants, fungi, lichens, amoebae, unicellular eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and aquatic and terrestrial arthropods.",{"@graph":63,"@context":118},[64,80,101],{"@type":65,"itemListElement":66},"BreadcrumbList",[67,71,74,77],{"item":68,"name":69,"@type":70,"position":9},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":72,"name":10,"@type":70,"position":73},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/",2,{"item":75,"name":51,"@type":70,"position":76},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/general/",3,{"item":78,"name":59,"@type":70,"position":79},"https://docshare.wps.com/template/geological-magazine-rhynie-chert-introduction/219161/",4,{"url":78,"name":59,"@type":81,"image":82,"author":87,"headline":59,"publisher":90,"fileFormat":93,"inLanguage":57,"description":61,"dateModified":94,"datePublished":95,"encodingFormat":93,"isAccessibleForFree":96,"interactionStatistic":97},"DigitalDocument",{"url":83,"@type":84,"width":85,"height":86},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/geological-magazine-rhynie-chert-introduction/219161.png","ImageObject",442,249,{"name":88,"@type":89},"Liam","Person",{"url":68,"name":91,"@type":92},"DocShare","Organization","application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","2026-09-21","2026-09-08",true,{"@type":98,"interactionType":99,"userInteractionCount":9},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":100},"ViewAction",{"@type":102,"mainEntity":103},"FAQPage",[104,110,114],{"name":105,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":107},"What does the review focus on regarding the Rhynie chert?","Question",{"text":108,"@type":109},"The review synthesizes prior research on the Devonian Rhynie chert Konservat-Lagerstätte and introduces its geological context, depositional setting, taphonomy, geochemistry, and fossil biota.","Answer",{"name":111,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How is terrestrialisation connected to the Geological Magazine in this document?",{"text":113,"@type":109},"Terrestrialisation is described as a major evolutionary event with implications for chemistry, sedimentology, and macroevolution, and the Geological Magazine is presented as a key venue for advancing understanding of the process and related terrestrial ecosystems.",{"name":115,"@type":106,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What types of organisms are reported from the Rhynie chert?",{"text":117,"@type":109},"Reported fossils include six plant genera, diverse fungi, lichens, amoebae, unicellular eukaryotes and prokaryotes (algae and cyanobacteria), and both aquatic and terrestrial arthropods.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":78,"og:type":120,"og:title":59,"og:site_name":91,"og:description":61},"article",{"robots":122,"canonical":78},"index,follow",{"doc_id":124,"site_id":56},219161,1789960031,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":127},{"doc_id":124,"user_id":128,"nickname":88,"user_avatar":129,"doc_module":9,"category_id":50,"category_name":51,"doc_title":59,"doc_description":61,"doc_content":130,"file_id":131,"file_url":132,"file_type":133,"file_size":134,"view_count":9,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":9,"is_downloadable":9,"audit_status":9,"page_count":135,"language":136,"language_code":57,"site_id":56,"html_lang":57,"table_of_contents":137,"faqs":138,"seo_title":139,"seo_description":61,"update_tm":140,"read_time":141},8796095461564,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","An introduction to the Rhynie chert\nRussell J. Garwood1,2\nHeather Oliver3\nAlan R.T. Spencer2,4\n1School of Earth and Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.\n2Earth Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK.\n3Sharples School, Hill Cot Road, Astley Bridge, Bolton, UK.\n4Department of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.\n\u0003\u0013 TOC \\h \\u \\z \u0014\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_30j0zll\" \\h \u0014Abstract\u0015\t\u0013 PAGEREF _30j0zll \\h \u00142\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_1fob9te\" \\h \u00141. Introduction\u0015\t\u0013 PAGEREF _1fob9te \\h \u00142\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_3znysh7\" \\h \u00142. Geological Magazine and Terrestrialisation\u0015\t\u0013 PAGEREF _3znysh7 \\h \u00143\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_2et92p0\" \\h \u00143. The Rhynie chert: Overview\u0015\t\u0013 PAGEREF _2et92p0 \\h \u00144\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_tyjcwt\" \\h \u00144. Geological Setting\u0015\t\u0013 PAGEREF _tyjcwt \\h \u00144\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_3dy6vkm\" \\h \u00145. Development of the Rhynie Basin\u0015\t\u0013 PAGEREF _3dy6vkm \\h \u00146\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_1t3h5sf\" \\h \u00146. Palaeoenvironment of the Rhynie chert\u0015\t\u0013 PAGEREF _1t3h5sf \\h \u00147\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_4d34og8\" \\h \u00147. Taphonomy\u0015\t\u0013 PAGEREF _4d34og8 \\h \u00148\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_2s8eyo1\" \\h \u00148. Mineralisation and Geochemistry\u0015\t\u0013 PAGEREF _2s8eyo1 \\h \u00149\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_17dp8vu\" \\h \u00149. Biota of the Rhynie chert\u0015\t\u0013 PAGEREF _17dp8vu \\h \u001410\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_3rdcrjn\" \\h \u00149.a. Flora\u0015\t\u0013 PAGEREF _3rdcrjn \\h \u001410\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_26in1rg\" \\h \u00149.b. Fungi\u0015\t\u0013 PAGEREF _26in1rg \\h \u001412\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_lnxbz9\" \\h \u00149.c. Lichens\u0015\t\u0013 PAGEREF _lnxbz9 \\h \u001413\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_35nkun2\" \\h \u00149.d. Amoeba\u0015\t\u0013 PAGEREF _35nkun2 \\h \u001413\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_1ksv4uv\" \\h \u00149.e. Bacteria/Algae\u0015\t\u0013 PAGEREF _1ksv4uv \\h \u001413\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_44sinio\" \\h \u00149.f. Fauna\u0015\t\u0013 PAGEREF _44sinio \\h \u001414\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_2jxsxqh\" \\h \u00149.f.1 Arthropods\u0015\t\u0013 PAGEREF _2jxsxqh \\h \u001414\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_z337ya\" \\h \u00149.f.2 Nematodes\u0015\t\u0013 PAGEREF _z337ya \\h \u001416\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_3j2qqm3\" \\h \u00149.f.3 Coprolites, trace fossils, and palaeoecology\u0015\t\u0013 PAGEREF _3j2qqm3 \\h \u001416\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_1y810tw\" \\h \u001411. Conclusions and Future Research\u0015\t\u0013 PAGEREF _1y810tw \\h \u001416\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_4i7ojhp\" \\h \u0014Acknowledgements\u0015\t\u0013 PAGEREF _4i7ojhp \\h \u001417\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_2xcytpi\" \\h \u0014Declaration of Interest\u0015\t\u0013 PAGEREF _2xcytpi \\h \u001417\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_3whwml4\" \\h \u0014References\u0015\t\u0013 PAGEREF _3whwml4 \\h \u001417\u0015\n\u0013 HYPERLINK \\l \"_2bn6wsx\" \\h \u0014Figure captions\u0015\t\u0013 PAGEREF _2bn6wsx \\h \u001427\u0015\u0015\u0004\n\u000f\nAbstract\nThe terrestrialisation of life has profoundly affected the biosphere, geosphere and atmosphere, and the Geological Magazine has published key works charting the development of our understanding of this process. Integral to this understanding - and featuring in one of the Geological Magazine publications - is the Devonian Rhynie chert Konservat-Lagerstätte located in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Here we provide a review of the work on this important early terrestrial deposit to date. We begin by highlighting contributions of note in the Geological Magazine improving understanding of terrestrialisation and Palaeozoic terrestrial ecosystems. We then introduce the Rhynie chert. The review highlights its geological setting: the Caledonian context of the Rhynie Basin and its nature at the time of deposition of the cherts which host its famous fossils. There follows an introduction to the development of the half-graben in which the cherts and host sediments were deposited, the palaeoenvironment this represented, and the taphonomy of the fossils themselves. We subsequently provide an overview of the mineralisation and geochemistry of the deposit, and then the fossils found within the Rhynie chert. These include: six plant genera, which continue to provide significant insights into the evolution of life on land; a range of different fungi, with recent work starting to probe plant-fungus interactions; lichens, amoebae, and a range of unicellular eukaryotes and prokaryotes (algae and cyanobacteria); and finally a range of both aquatic and terrestrial arthropods. Through continued study coupled with methodological advances, Rhynie fossils will co","cbCaiey3ttS9mL92","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiey3ttS9mL92","docx",1751409,27,"English","# Abstract\n# 1. Introduction\n## Geological Magazine and Terrestrialisation\n## The Rhynie chert: Overview\n## Geological Setting\n## Development of the Rhynie Basin\n## Palaeoenvironment of the Rhynie chert\n## Taphonomy\n## Mineralisation and Geochemistry\n## Biota of the Rhynie chert\n## Flora\n## Fungi\n## Lichens\n## Amoeba\n## Bacteria/Algae\n## Fauna\n## Conclusions and Future Research\n# Acknowledgements\n# Declaration of Interest\n# References\n# Figure captions","[{\"question\":\"What does the review focus on regarding the Rhynie chert?\",\"answer\":\"The review synthesizes prior research on the Devonian Rhynie chert Konservat-Lagerstätte and introduces its geological context, depositional setting, taphonomy, geochemistry, and fossil biota.\"},{\"question\":\"How is terrestrialisation connected to the Geological Magazine in this document?\",\"answer\":\"Terrestrialisation is described as a major evolutionary event with implications for chemistry, sedimentology, and macroevolution, and the Geological Magazine is presented as a key venue for advancing understanding of the process and related terrestrial ecosystems.\"},{\"question\":\"What types of organisms are reported from the Rhynie chert?\",\"answer\":\"Reported fossils include six plant genera, diverse fungi, lichens, amoebae, unicellular eukaryotes and prokaryotes (algae and cyanobacteria), and both aquatic and terrestrial arthropods.\"}]","Geological Magazine Rhynie chert introduction | DOCX",1788861827,9]